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1、第26卷第7期生态学报Vol.26,No.72006年7月ACTAECOLOGICASINICAJul.,2006干旱和复水对大豆光合生理生态特性的影响3王磊,张彤,丁圣彦(河南大学生态科学与技术研究所,开封475001;河南省植物逆境生物学重点实验室,开封475001)摘要:选用大豆作为实验材料,研究干旱和复水对大豆光合生理的影响,以期为大豆抗旱栽培和高效利用水分提供理论依据。通过研究发现,在土壤相对含水量高于47%时,处理组大豆凌晨叶片水势和对照组相比基本没有下降,但当土壤相对含水量低于47%时,处理组叶片水势急剧下降,表现为一定的阈值反应,存在明显的凌晨叶水势临界值。大豆开花前期
2、叶片的凌晨叶水势阈值约为-1102MPa,低于此临界值,叶片水势急剧下降,叶片净光合速率也明显降低。研究发现,在实验的第3天,处理组土壤相对含水量为47%,叶片水势与对照组相比下降了7%,蒸腾速率为对照组的67%,净光合速率为对照组的90%,水分利用效率比对照组高35%,这说明大豆的蒸腾比光合对干旱更敏感。因此,可利用这一结果采取适度干旱等措施达到节水增产的目的。复水后大豆叶片水分状况得到改善,大豆叶片的净光合速率和蒸腾速率都表现为接近于直线的上升,气孔导度的恢复也很快,这表明大豆存在着胁迫解除后快速生长的特征。但是,干旱对大豆的生长等生理过程是否存在滞后效应,滞后效应的大小等问题还需
3、要进一步的研究。关键词:大豆;干旱和复水;水势;光合作用;节水增产;快速生长文章编号:100020933(2006)0722073206中图分类号:Q14219文献标识码:AEffectofdroughtandrewateringonphotosyntheticphysioecologicalcharacteristicsofsoybean3WANGLei,ZHANGTong,DINGSheng2Yan(InstituteofEcologicalScienceandTechnologyHenanUniversity,Kaifeng475001,China;TheKeyLaborator
4、yofPlantBiology,HenanProvince,Kaifeng475001,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2006,26(7):2073~2078.Abstract:Wateristhemostessentialconditiontoplantlife,butthewaterresourceisbecomingmoreandmoreshorterinthe21stcentury.Soybean,asoneofthefivemajorcropsintheworld,ismankindpsimportantsourcesofhigh2qualitypro
5、teinandedibleoil.However,soybeanissensitivetowaterdeficitandthewaterrequirementofsoybeanisrelativelyhigh.SoybeaninChineseallthreemainsoybeanplantingregionsoftensufferfromdroughttosomedegreeduringitsgrowthseason.So,thedrought2resistantbreedinganddrought2resistantculturingofsoybeanshasbeenpaidhigh
6、attentionsince1980ps.Photosynthesisisanimportantfactorthatdeterminessoybeanpsyield.Atpresent,theresearchonsoybeanpsphotosyntheticcharacteristicmainlyconcentratesonitsrelationshipwiththeyield.Butitislackinginstudiesonsoybeanpsphotosyntheticphysioecologicalresponsestodroughtandrewatering,whichishe
7、lpfulforconstructingatheoreticbasisfordrought2toleranceplantingandhigh2efficiencywateruseofsoybean.Fieldexperimentswereconductedwithsoybean(Glycinemax,yudou29),amainlyplantedsoybeanvarietyinHenanProvincetostudytherelationshi