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1、2011年4月中国水土保持科学Vo.l9No.29(2):32-37ScienceofSoilandWaterConservationApr.2011基于三维激光扫描仪的坡面细沟侵蚀动态过程研究11,223霍云云,吴淑芳,冯浩,原立峰(1.西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,712100,陕西杨凌;2.中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,712100,陕西杨凌;3.中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,210008,南京)摘要利用三维激光扫描仪探索多场降雨情况下同一坡面细沟侵蚀的动态过程,为解释细沟侵蚀
2、过程提供一定的理论依据。采用室内人工模拟降雨,在坡度为15的土槽上进行恒降雨强度的7场降雨冲刷实验,利用三维激光扫描仪对每场降雨冲刷后的坡面形态进行了监测,定量分析坡面细沟侵蚀的动态发育过程。结果表明:前2场降雨与后5场降雨产流产沙过程和细沟侵蚀发育过程有较大差异,细沟从第3场降雨开始明显发育。表现为小跌水下切沟头断续细沟连续细沟细沟沟网的发育过程。通过三维激光扫描仪精确监测7场降雨坡面各点微地形变化,发现细沟平均沟宽、平均沟深、沟长最大值、细沟平均密度在前2场降雨增长幅度较小,至第3场降雨
3、后开22始迅速增大,细沟侵蚀强度不断加强。侵蚀强度由第1场降雨的0103kg/m发展至第7场降雨的8788kg/m,增加了84倍。关键词细沟;侵蚀;坡面形态;发育过程;三维激光扫描仪Dynamicprocessofsloperillerosionbasedonthree-dimensionallaserscanner11,223HuoYunyun,WuShufang,FengHao,YuanLifeng(1.WaterandArchitectureCollege,NorthwestA&FUniv
4、ersity,712100,Yangling,Shaanx;i2.InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,ChineseAcademyofSciencesandMinistryofWaterResources,712100,Yangling,Shaanx;i3.NanjingInstituteofGeographyandLimnology,ChinaAcademyofSciences,210008,Nanjing:China)AbstractInthispaper,t
5、he3Dlaserscannerwereusedtoprobethedynamicprocessofrillerosionunderthesameslopebyamult-irainfallcondition,whichmayprovidecertaintheoreticalbasisforexplainingtherillerosionprocess.Theartificialrainfallsimulationinroomwereadopted.Sevenrainfallscouringexper
6、imentswiththeconstantrainfallintensitywerecarriedoutonthesoilbinwiththeslopeof15andthe3Dlaserscannerwasusedtomaketherea-ltimemonitoringoftheslopepatternaftereachrainfal.lThestudiesmainlyfocusonthedynamicdevelopmentprocessofsloperillerosion.Resultsshowe
7、dthatthereweregreatdifferencesintheprocessofrunof,fsedimentandthedevelopmentofrillerosion.Betweenthefirsttworainfalleventsandthelastfiveones.Therilldevelopedobviouslyafterthethirdrainfalleven.tRillerosionprocesswaspresentedas:smallhydraulicdrop-incisedg
8、ullyhead-intermittentrill-continuousrill-rillnetwork.Bymonitoringthechangesoftheslopepointsinmicrotopographyusing3Dlaserscanner,itwasfoundthatthechangerangeoflandformisrelativelysmallintheaveragerillwidth,theaveragerilldepth,them
