discovery of spectral variability of markarian 421 at tev energies

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1、DiscoveryofSpectralVariabilityofMarkarian421atTeVEnergiesF.Krennrich1,I.H.Bond2,S.M.Bradbury2,J.H.Buckley3,D.A.Carter-Lewis1,W.Cui4,I.delaCallePerez2,D.J.Fegan5,S.J.Fegan6,15,J.P.Finley4,J.A.Gaidos4,K.Gibbs6,G.H.Gillanders7,T.A.Hall1,16,A.M.Hillas2,J.Holder2,D.Horan6,M.Jordan3,M.Kertzman8,D.Kie

2、da9,J.Kildea5,J.Knapp2,K.Kosack3,M.J.Lang7,S.LeBohec1,P.Moriarty10,D.M¨uller11,R.A.Ong12,R.Pallassini2,D.Petry1,J.Quinn5,N.W.Reay13,P.T.Reynolds14,H.J.Rose2,G.H.Sembroski4,R.Sidwell13,N.Stanton13,S.P.Swordy11,V.V.Vassiliev9,S.P.Wakely11,T.C.Weekes61DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,IowaStateUnive

3、rsity,Ames,IA500112DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofLeeds,Leeds,LS29JT,Yorkshire,England,UK3DepartmentofPhysics,WashingtonUniversity,St.Louis,MO631304DepartmentofPhysics,PurdueUniversity,WestLafayette,IN479075PhysicsDepartment,NationalUniversityofIreland,Belfield,Dublin4,Ireland6FredLawrenceWhipp

4、leObservatory,Harvard-SmithsonianCfA,Amado,AZ856457PhysicsDepartment,NationalUniversityofIreland,Galway,IrelandarXiv:astro-ph/0207184v18Jul20028PhysicsDepartment,DePauwUniversity,Greencastle,IN,461359HighEnergyAstrophysicsInstitute,UniversityofUtah,SaltLakeCity,UT8411210SchoolofScience,Galway-M

5、ayoInstituteofTechnology,Galway,Ireland11EnricoFermiInstitute,UniversityofChicago,Chicago,IL6063712DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA9009513DepartmentofPhysics,KansasStateUniversity,Manhattan,KS6650614DepartmentofPhysics,CorkInstituteofTechnology,Cork,Ireland15Departmentof

6、Physics,UniversityofArizona,Tucson,AZ8572116DepartmentofPhysics&Astronomy,UniversityofArkansasatLittleRock,AR72204–2–Received;acceptedtoappearintheAstrophysicalJournal–3–ABSTRACTThedetectionofspectralvariabilityoftheγ-rayblazarMrk421atTeVenergiesisreported.ObservationswiththeWhippleObservatory1

7、0mγ-raytelescopetakenin2000/2001revealedexceptionallystrongandlong-lastingflaringactivity.Flaringlevelsof0.4to13timesthatoftheCrabNebulafluxprovidedsufficientstatisticsforadetailedstudyoftheenergyspectrumbetween380GeVand8.2TeVasafunct