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1、www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校中国农业大学考博英语阅读真题摘录AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryofculturalevolutioninthelate1800s.Morgan,alongwithTylor,wasoneofthefoundersofmodernanthropology.Inhiswork,heattemptedtoshowhowallaspectsofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42.____
2、_________.Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropologistFranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistoricalparticularism.Historicalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures,gavenewdirectiontoanthropology.43._____________.Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeun
3、derstoodastheresultofauniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionarystageortypeofculture.44._______________.（PS:ThewaytocontactyumingkaoboTEL:silingling-liuliuba-liujiuqibaQQ:772678537)HistoricalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofcultureinAmericananthropology,l
4、argelythroughtheinfluenceofmanystudentsofBoas.Butanumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularisttheoryofcultureinfavorofdiffusionism.Someattributedvirtuallyeveryimportantculturalachievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygiftedpeoplesthat,accordingtodiffusionists,thenspreadtoo
5、thercultures.45.________________.Alsointheearly1900s,FrenchsociologistÉmileDurkheimwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校developedatheoryofculturethatwouldgreatlyinfluenceanthropology.Durkheimproposedthatreligiousbeliefsfunctionedtoreinforcesocialsolidarity.Aninterestintherelationshipbetweenthefunctionofsoci
6、etyandculture—knownasfunctionalism—becameamajorthemeinEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,anthropology.[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventions,hadasingleoriginandpassedfromsocietytosociety.Thistheorywasknownasdiffusionism.[B]Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyas
7、possible,Boasbecameskilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,thestudyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledthe“survivalofthefittest,”inwhichwe
