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1、AnIntroductiontoInput/OutputAutomataNancyA.LynchandMarkR.TuttleMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyCambridge,Mass.02139November18,19881IntroductionTheinput/outputautomatonmodelhasrecentlybeende ned,in[LT1,LT2],asatoolformodelingconcurrentanddistributeddiscrete
2、eventsystemsofthesortsarisingincomputerscience.Sinceitsintroduction,themodelhasbeenusedfordescribingandreasoningaboutseveraldi erenttypesofsystems,includingnetworkresourceallocationalgorithms,communicationalgorithms,concurrentdatabasesystems,sharedatomicobje
3、cts,anddata
owarchitectures.Thispaperisintendedtointroduceresearcherstothemodel.Itisorga-nizedasfollows.Section2containsanoverviewofthemodel.Section3de nesthemodelformallyandexaminesseveralillustrativeexamplesconcerningcandyvendingmachines.Section4containsas
4、econdexample,aleaderelectionalgo-rithm.Finally,Section5containsasurveyofsomeoftheusesthathavesofarbeenmadeofthemodel.2OverviewoftheModelI/Oautomataprovideanappropriatemodelfordiscreteeventsystemsconsist-ingofconcurrently-operatingcomponents.Suchsystemsareoft
5、encharacterizedbythefactthat,insteadofsimplycomputingsomefunctionoftheirinputandThisresearchwassupportedinpartbytheNationalScienceFoundationunderGrantCCR-86-11442,bytheOceofNavalResearchunderContractN00014-85-K-0168andbytheDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAge
6、ncy(DARPA)underContractN00014-83-K-0125.ThesecondauthorwasalsosupportedbyaGTEGraduateFellowshipandanIBMGraduateFellowship.ThisarticleappearedinCWIQuarterly,2(3):219{246,September1989,andisalsoavailableasMITTechnicalMemoMIT/LCS/TM-373.1halting,theycontinuousl
7、yreceiveinputfromandreacttotheirenvironment.Al-thoughI/Oautomatacanbeusedtomodelsynchronoussystems,theyarebestsuitedformodelingsystemsinwhichthecomponentsoperateasynchronously.EachsystemcomponentismodeledasanI/Oautomaton,whichisessentiallya(possiblyin nitest
8、ate)automatonwithanactionlabelingeachtransition.Afundamentalpropertyofourmodelisthatwemakeaverycleardistinctionbetweenthoseactionswhoseperformanceisunderthecontroloftheautomatonandthoseactionswh
