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1、ComputationalComplexityofReliability/SecurityinColoredNetworksandPrivacyPreservingCensorshipYvoDesmedt1;3?,YonggeWang2,andMikeBurmester3??1UniversityCollegeLondon,UK,y.desmedt@cs.ucl.ac.uk2UNCCharlotte,USA,yonwang@uncc.edu3FloridaStateUniversity,USA,b
2、urmester@cs.fsu.eduAbstract.Dolev-Dwork-Waarts-Yunglinkedresearchonreliablepoint-to-pointnet-workswithprivacyandauthenticity.Intheirthreatmodeltheadversarycanonlytakeoveranumberofnodesboundedbyathresholdk.Hirt-Maurerintroducedtheconceptofanadversaryst
3、ructure(i.e.thecomplementofanaccessstructure).Kumar-Goundan-Srinathan-RanganandDesmedt-Wang-BurmestergeneralizedDolev-Dwork-Waarts-Yungscenariostothecaseofageneraladversarystructure.Burmester-Desmedtintroducedaspecialadversarystructure,nowcalledacolor
4、basedadversarystructure.Eachplatforminthenetworkisgivenacolor.Theadversarycancontrolallnodesthathaveuptokdi erentcolors.Althoughthefamilyofcolorbasedadversarystructureshasatrivialrepresentationwhichsizegrowspolynomialinthesizeofthegraph,wewilldemonstr
5、ateinthispaperthatdecidingreliabilityissuesandsecurityissuesareco-NP-complete.Weapplythisresulttostudycensorship,whichforcenturiesoftenhasbeenviewedbyauthoritiesasanessentialsecuritytool.Authoritiesmayrequirenetworkdesign-erstodemonstratethecapability
6、tocensortheinternet.Wepresentazero-knowledgeinteractiveproofforthecaseofacolorbasedadversarystructure.Keywords:networksecurity,Byzantinethreats,secretsharing,adversarystructure,censorship,unconditionalsecurity,zero-knowledge1IntroductionCensorshiphasb
7、eenusedextensivelyduringcenturies.TherecentlyrecoveredGospelofJudas"[16]hasbeenusedasanoccasiontore
ectbackonhowthechurchcensoredon-traditional"gospels[17].Todayinmanycountriesbooksremainedcensored.AwellknownexampleisHitler'sMeinKampf."Moreovertex
8、tsdescribingindetailstheconstructionofatomicbombs,orotherclassi edinformation,arealsocensored.Whethercensorshipinalimitedformatisinthebene tofmankindornot,isanon-scienti ctopic,andthereforenotdiscussed.Information,suchasbooks,arepassedonthroug
