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1、语法知识1.名词一.名词的概念:表示人或事物等名称的词。如:Tom,Beijing,China,milk,teacher.表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;二、名词的数:1、可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式。(1)表示一个人或物时,用单数形式:如:apen,abook,adesk,abus,abike,anegg,anapple,anorange,anhour,aneye,anear,anarm,anoldman.(2)表示二者或者二者以上的人或者物时用复数形式:如:twobooks,t
2、hreepencils,fourpeaches,fiveboys,somegifts,manypeople.2.可数名词复数形式的构成:a.名词变复数不规则形式:(一定要记牢!!)man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,snowman-snowmen.foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose(鹅)-geese,child-children,people-people,sheep-sheep,fish-fish,deer(鹿)-deer,Chinese(中国人)-Chineseb.可数名词变复数规则形式:(1)在名词
3、末尾加s.例如:bike-bikes,map-maps,pen-pens,egg-eggs,day-days,boy-boys.(2)以s,sh,ch,x结尾的名词,在词尾加es.例如:bus-buses,class-classes,brush-brushes,watch-watches,peach-peaches,box-boxes,fox-foxes.(3)以f或fe结尾的名词,先把f或fe变为v再加es.例如:leaf-leaves,wolf-wolves,knife(小刀)-knives.(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,先把y变为i后再加es.例如:baby-
4、babies,family-families,strawberry-strawberries,(5)以o结尾的名词,表示有生命的在词尾加es,例如:potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,表示无生命的在词尾加s.例如:zoo-zoos,radio-radios,photo-photos,piano-pianos.3.不可数名词的数量表示法:不可数名词没有单复数变化,如果要表示数量时可以用下面的公式记忆:数词+计量单位名词+of+不可数名词例如:apieceofpaper(一张纸),apieceofmeat(一块肉),acupoftea(一杯茶)
5、,abowlofrice(一碗米饭),abottleofpop(一瓶汽水),twocupsoftea(两杯茶),threepiecesofbread(三块面包),fivebagsofrice(五袋大米).三、名词的所有格:英语中表示人或事物的所属关系时,用名词的所有格,意思是“……的”。1.有生命事物的名词的所有格:(1)单数名词后加“’s”例如:LiMing’skite,Danny’shat,Jenny’scamera,myfather’scar.(2)以s结尾的复数名词后加“’”例如:Teachers’Day,thenurses’office.(3)不以s结尾的复
6、数名词后加“’s”例如:Children’sDay,Women’sDay,men’sclothes.2.无生命事物的名词的所有格:用of所有格表示。例如:thewindowsoftheclassroom,apictureofDanny,amapofChina,aflagofChina.名词专项练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式:1.book-2.map-3.flag-4.day-5.boy-6.cat-7.bird-8.bus-9.class-10.dress-11.brush-12.dish-13.watch-14.peach-15.beach-16.box-17.f
7、ox-18.leaf-19.wolf-20.knife-21.baby-22.family-23.strawberry-24.potato-25.tomato-26.zoo-27.radio-28.photo-29.man-30.woman-31.policeman-32.snowman-33.child-34.foot-35.tooth-36.goose-37.people-38.sheep-39.deer-40.Chinese-二.翻译下列短语:1.一杯茶:2.两张纸:3.三碗汤:4.四瓶果汁:5.五袋食盐:6.六袋面粉:7.Jenny的连衣裙: