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1、120个高中关键知识点(120highschoolkeyknowledgepoints)Knowledgemoduleofelementcompounds1.thelargertheatomicradiusofthealkalimetalelement,thehigherthemeltingpoint,thegreatertheactivityoftheelementarysubstanceThemeltingpointdecreasesastheradiusoftheatomincreasesAll2.sulfurandwhitephosphorussolublein
2、carbondisulfide,carbontetrachlorideandotherorganicsolvent,organicacidisinsolubleinwaterError:lowerorganicacidsaresolubleinwater3.addenoughconcentratedsulfuricacidtoproducebluesolidinasaturatedsolutionofcoppersulphateRight,concentrstedsulfuricacidwaterafterprecipitationwithvitriol4.theonl
3、yelementsthatcanreactwithcoldwatertoemitgaseousmatterareactivemetallicelementsoractivenonmetallieelementsForexample,2Na202+2H20error,02=+4NaOH5.liquefytheairandthengraduallyheatup,firstproducingoxygen,andremainingnitrogenError,theboilingpointofN2isbelow02,andN2isfirstobtained,leavingliqu
4、idoxygen3.smeltingpigironintocarbonsteel,themainproblemistoremovethepigironinadditiontovariouselementsexceptFe,pigironpurificationThemistakeistoreducethepercentageofCinpigiron,nottopurifyit4.althoughpotassiuminnatureissolubleinwater,butK%insoilisnothigh,soitisnecessarytousepotassiumferti
5、lizertomeettheneedsofplantgrowthThepotassiumcontentinnatureisnotlow,butitexistsintheformofcomplexsilicateandisdifficulttodissolveinwater5.preparationofbleachingpowder,preparationofBordeauxandmodifiedacidsoil,limeshouldbeusedRight,preparationoflimeandbleachingpowderforC12reaction,Bordeaux
6、mixtureofcoppersulfateandhydratedlime6.silicaisanacidoxidewhichisinsolubleinacidsolutionsError,Si02canbedissolvedinhydrofluoricacid7.ironexcesssolubleinhydrochloricacid,thenaddingchlorineorbromineoriodineorzincnitrate,allcanproduceFe3+ErroraddingiodinewaterwillresultinFeI2,becausetheoxid
7、ationofFe3+isnotasgoodasC12,Br2,butstrongerthan12,andFeI3doesnotexistinsolution3.atroomtemperature,concentratednitricacidcanbestoredinaluminumcans,indicatingthataluminumandconcentratednitricaciddonotrespondError,passivationisachemicalpropertythatessentiallyproducesadenseA
