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1、AShortHistoryofNearlyEverythingCopyright©2003byBillBrysonAllrightsreservedunderInternationalandPan-AmericanCopyrightConventions.PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyandomHouseLargePrintinassociationwithBroadwayBooks,NewYorkandsimultaneouslyinCanadabyRandomHouseofCanadaLimited,Toronto.Distributedby
2、RandomHouse,Inc.,NewYork.TheLibraryofCongresshasestablishedaCataloging-in-Publicationrecordforthistitle.0-375-43200-0ACKNOWLEDGMENTSAsIsithere,inearly2003,IhavebeforemeseveralpagesofmanuscriptbearingmajesticallyencouragingandtactfulnotesfromIanTattersaloftheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistorypointingou
3、t,interalia,thatPerigueuxisnotawineproducingregion,thatitisinventivebutatouchunorthodoxofmetoitalicizetaxonomicdivisionsabovethelevelofgenusandspecies,thatIhavepersistentlymisspelledOlorgesaille,aplacethatIrecentlyvisited,andsooninsimilarveinthroughtwochaptersoftextcoveringhisareaofexpertise,early
4、humans.Goodnessknowshowmanyotherinkyembarrassmentsmaylurkinthesepagesyet,butitisthankstoDr.TattersallandallofthosewhomIamabouttomentionthattherearen'tmanyhundredsmore.Icannotbegintothankadequatelythosewhohelpedmeinthepreparationofthisbook.Iamespeciallyindebtedtothefollowing,whowereuniformlygenerou
5、sandkindlyandshowedthemostheroicreservesofpatienceinansweringonesimple,endlesslyrepeatedquestion:"I'msorry,butcanyouexplainthatagain?"IntheUnitedStates:IanTattersalloftheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistoryinNewYork;JohnThorstensen,MaryK.Hudson,andDavidBlanchflowerofDartmouthCollegeinHanover,NewHampshir
6、e;Dr.WilliamAbduandDr.BryanMarshofDartmouth-HitchcockMedicalCenterinLebanon,NewHampshire;RayAndersonandBrianWitzkeoftheIowaDepartmentofNaturalResources,Iowacity;MikeVoorhiesoftheUniversityofNebraskaandAshfallFossilBedsStateParknearOrchard,Nebraska;ChuckOffenburgerofBuenaVistaUniversity,StormLake,I
7、owa;KenRancourt,directorofresearch,MountWashingtonObservatory,Gorham,NewHampshire;PaulDoss,geologistofYellowstoneNationalPark,andhiswife,Heidi,alsooftheNationalPark;FrankAsaraoftheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley