heat and temperature热与温度

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1、UnitC-HeatandTemperatureSection1-Humanneedshaveledtotechnologiesforobtainingandcontrollingheat.Subsection1.1-HistoryofHeatTechnologiesHeatistheenergythatisgivenofffromthemovementoftinyparticlesthatmakeupallmatter.Heattechnologiesaretechnologiesthatuseandcontrolheatinawaythatmeetsourneedsan

2、dwants.Examplesincludefurnaces,fireplace,microwave,freezers,winterjackets.·Whataresomeexamplesoftechnologiesfromthepastandhowaretheydifferentfromtoday?Dependingonourculture,weusedifferenttypesofheattechnologiesandweusethemindifferentways.Theimportanceofheatislinkedtoallofourbasicneeds(air,

3、shelter,water,andfood).Canyouexplainhow?Iftherangeoftemperaturethatwecanexistatisbetween0°C-45°Cthenhowdowesurviveinthewinter?Subsection1.2-HeatTechnologiesinEverydayLifeStandardoflivingreferstohowmuchandwhatkindoftechnologyweusedaily.Themoretechnologythehigherourstandardoflivingbecomes.Ar

4、esourcethatdoesnotrunoutoranactivitythatwecancontinueforalongperiodoftimewithoutbadresultsissaidtobesustainable.Canyouthinkofsomeexamples?Section2-Heataffectsmatterindifferentways.Subsection2.1-StatesofMatterandTheParticleModelofMatterMatterisanythingthathasmassandtakesupspace.Itcanexistin

5、threestatesorforms:a)solidb)liquidc)gasHeatenergyisaformofenergy.Ittransfersfromhotterobjectstocoolerones.Forexample-puttingyourbarehandontheice.The"cold"doesn'tcomeintoyourhandtheheatenergyfromyourhandgoesintotheice.Theofficialunitofheatenergyisthejoule(J).ChangesofStateGASEvaporationCond

6、ensation(100°C)(100°C)thereareexceptionsLIQUIDthereareexceptionsMeltingFreezing(0°C)(0°C)SOLIDParticleModelofMatter1.Allmatterismadeupofextremelytinyparticles.2.Thetinyparticlesofmatterarealwaysmoving.3.Addingheattomattermakestheparticlesmovearoundfaster.4.Theparticleshavespacebetweenthem.

7、5.Thereareattractiveforcesbetweentheparticles.Astheparticlesgainheatenergytheybegintomovearoundfaster.Thespacesbetweentheparticlesgetlarger.Theattractiveforcesbetweentheparticlesbecomeweaker.Whenenergycausesmovementwecancallitkineticenergy.Soaddingheatincrease