__Early_Civilizations__Ancient_Egypt_in_Context.pdf

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1、EarlyCivilizationsThispageintentionallyleftblankEarlyCivilizationsAncientEgyptinContextBruceG.TriggerTheAmericanUniversityinCairoPressCopyright©1993byTheAmericanUniversityinCairoPress113ShariaKasrelAini,Cairo,Egypt420FifthAvenue,NewYork10018-2729http://www.aucpress.comFourthpaperbackpri

2、nting2001Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightowner.DarelKutubNo.3191/95ISBN977424365XPrintedinEgyptConten

3、tsPrefaceviiComparativeChronologicalChartixOneTheUniqueandtheGeneral1TheComparativeStudyofEarlyCivilizations1ADefinitionofEarlyCivilization6CityandTerritorialStates8ComparativeStudies14Methodology17Sources22Interpretations23Conclusion25TwoEconomicFoundations27Agriculture28Kinship34LandO

4、wnership38Taxation44Authority46TheArmy49Inequality52ThreePoliticsandCulture55ClassHierarchy55SocialMobility61AdministrativeControl64StatusSymbols66Tribute69Trade71MonumentalArchitecture74Art81ValuesandLifestyles84viCONTENTSFourReligion86ConceptsofDeity87Cosmology89HumanityandtheGods94Ki

5、ngsandGods98TheDestinyoftheIndividual105Conclusion107FivePostscript109BibliographicalEssay113SourcesontheEarlyCivilizations113OldandMiddleKingdomEgypt113AncientMesopotamia115ShangandWesternChouChina117TheClassicMayas118TheAztecsandtheirNeighbors119Thelnkas120TheYorubasandBenin121Referen

6、ces123Index147PrefaceThisbookisbasedonfourlectureson"AncientEgyptasanEarlyCivilization"thatIdeliveredattheAmericanUniversityinCairobetweenApril12and15,1992,whileIwasDistinguishedVisitingProfessorintheDepartmentofSociology,Anthropology,andPsy-chology.MythanksgototheAmericanUniversityinCa

7、iroforthisopportunitytoreturntoEgyptandparticularlytoProfessorKentWeeksandhiswifeSusanfortheirunstintinghospitalitytomywifeandmyselfthroughoutourthree-weekstay.IalsowishtothankGeorgeGibson,theProvostofAUC,andothermembersoftheuniversityandtheCairoarchaeologicalcommunityforhelpin