托福写作goldenrules同义替换

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1、TOFELwriting重述语意•意义•写作评分要求。•行文需要。2.方法•同义词替换；•同根词替换；•使用短语进行替换；•使用全新的表达法进行替换。1.同义词替换•科学技术的发展使人们能够非常轻松的学习知识。•发展•development,progress,update,advance,evolution,growth,expansion,•学习知识•acquire•accumulate•gainknowledge•obtain•enrich2.同根词替换•方法：•添加前缀：改变词的意义。•后缀：主要

2、改变词性。•优势：•避免重复原文当中的词语，•显现词汇变化技巧。Happinessv.s.pleasure•例如:科学技术的发展使人们能够非常轻松的学习知识。•发展：•Thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology…•Asscienceandtechnologydevelop…•能够：•beabletodosth•becapableofdoingsth•havetheability(capability)ofdoingsth•enablesb.todosthMoreexampl

3、es•动词转名词  •discover>discovery•move>movement•react>reaction•fail>failure•refuse>refusal  •形容词转名词•careless>carelessness•difficult>difficulty•different>difference•applicable>applicability•intense>intensity名词化（nominalization）•优势：把某些陈述型的句式转化成更客观的评价句，更符合议论文的要求

4、。•方法1：•利用动词的名词性后缀，-tion,-ment,-isation,-ness,-ity等。•Hecannotbepersuaded.•Heisimmunetoallpersuasion.•Humanactivityhasdamagednaturalenvironmentandalmostexhaustednaturalresources.•Humanactivityhascausedseveredamagetonaturalenvironmentandnaturalresourcesexha

5、ustion.方法2：变成动名词形式-ing•1)Moreandmorestudentsgoabroadbecausetheywanttoreceivebettereducationandfindabetterjobinthefuture.•Goingabroadcouldprovidestudentswithbettereducationandabetterjobinthefuture.•2)Ifpeopledrinkteahabituallyoverseveralyears,bonedensityc

6、ouldbepreservedinbothmenandwomen.•Habitualteadrinkingoverseveralyearspreservesbonedensityinbothmenandwomen.•3)Itrevealshumankindnessthatrichcountriesgivehelptoothercountriesintroubletime.•Helpingothercountriesintroubledtimesalsorevealshumankindness.方法3：固

7、定的转换表达•ifthereisno…•=lackof=theabsenceof•=…shortage/scarcity•don’tknow…•=theignoranceof•didn’tdo…•=failureindoing…•canread…/canwrite…•=literacy•can’tread…/can’twrite…•=illiteracy…名词化的结构•1.of+noun•Somecoursesareshorterandsomearelonger.•=Coursesofvaryingle

8、ngth•Atrulysignificantmatter•=amatteroftruesignificance•孩子应该如何度过自己的休闲时间？•如果小孩子被家长强迫做一些他们不喜欢的事情，或者他们喜欢做的事情被社会忽视为是没有价值或重要性的，他们是不会真正感到快乐的。•Childrencannotbereallyhappyiftheyarecompelledbyparentstodowhattheydonotenjoydoing,orif