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1、WITTGENSTEINONPRIVATELANGUAGE:EXORCISINGTHEGHOSTFROMTHEMACHINECHRISTOPHERREADHITCHCOCKWittgensteinwritesintheprefaceofhisPhilosophicalInvestigationsl:"Ishouldnotlikemywritingtospareotherpeoplethetroubleofthinking.But,ifpossible,tostimulatesomeonetothoughtsofhisown"(p.vi).Ifthisisindeedthegoal
2、ofthePhilosophicalInvestigations,thenfewsectionscanclaimmoresuccessthanthosethatconstitutetheso-calledprivatelanguageargument.Thisargumenthasreceivedagreatdealofattentionoverthethreeandahalfdecadessinceitspublication;thenumberanddiversityofinterpretationstobefoundinthesecondaryliteratureareda
3、unting.Yettheenigmaticprivatelanguageargumenthasdefieddefinitiveinterpretation,andremainsafocusofphilosophicaldebate.Todevelopanewinterpretationoftheargumentisnosmalltask;Ihope,however,tomakeitasmalleronebyrestrictingmygoalsinanumberofrespects.Ratherthanstartingfromscratch,Iwillstanduponthesh
4、ouldersofgiants,drawingheavilyupontheinterpretationsofSaulKripke2andCrispinWright)Mystrategywillbetoshowthatonbothoftheseaccounts,theargument-orrather,theconclusion-attributedtoWittgensteinistooweaktounderminethepossibilityofprivatelanguage.Nonetheless,anadequateinterpretationcanbedevelopedby
5、preservingtheappropriatefeaturesofeachaccount.ThedisagreementsovertheprivatelanguageargumenthaveincludedsuchfundamentalpointsofcontroversyasthelocationoftheprivatelanguageargumentwithinthePhilosophicalInvestigations.Traditionally,theprivatelanguageargumentistakentobefoundintheparagraphsfollow
6、ingwcomingtoaclimaxinw167Bycontrast,Kripke-and,forverydifferentreasons,McDowell4-has127CHRISTOPHERREADHITCHCOCKtakentheheartoftheprivatelanguageargumenttobefoundintheparagraphsprecedingwAccordingtoKripke,theimpossibilityofaprivatelanguagefollowsasasimplecorollaryoftheargumentsconcerningrule-f
7、ollowingcontainedintheseearlierpassages.Theparagraphsfollowingwheconcludes,simplyrehearseanalreadyfamiliarlineofargument.Thereis,however,onesourceofgeneralagreement:w167presentanargumenttotheeffectthatinanattempttoidentifyprivatesensations,th
