box-cox censoring models on health expenditure.pdf

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1、HEALTHECONOMICSECONOMETRICSANDHEALTHECONOMICSHealthEcon.14:893–907(2005)PublishedonlineinWileyInterScience(www.interscience.wiley.com).DOI:10.1002/hec.1042AssessinghouseholdhealthexpenditurewithBox^CoxcensoringmodelsJean-PaulChaze*DepartmentofEconometrics&LaboratoryofAppliedEconomics,Univers

2、ityofGeneva,SwitzerlandSummaryInordertoassessthecombinedpresenceofzeroexpendituresandaheavilyskeweddistributionofpositiveexpenditures,theBox–CoxtransformationwithlocationparameterisusedtodefineasetofmodelsgeneralisingthestandardTobit,Heckmanselectionanddouble-hurdlemodels.Extendedflexibilitywi

3、threspecttopreviousspecificationsisintroduced,notablyregardingnegativetransformationparameters,whichmayprovenecessaryformedicalexpenditures,andcorner-solutionoutcomes.AnillustrationisprovidedbytheanalysisofhouseholdhealthexpenditureinSwitzerland.Copyright#2005JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd.KeywordsBox–Co

4、x;censoring;Tobit;hurdlemodels;healthexpenditureIntroductiongeneratingthezerooutcomes(determinedbyabinarychoicemodel)andtheprocessthatgen-Individualorhouseholddataonhealthexpendi-eratesthevaluesofthepositiveoutcomes.turegenerallyinvolvestwodifficultiesthatpreventSeparationisgenerallyachievedby

5、specifyingthetheuseoftraditionalregressionmethods.Unlessconditionalexpectationofthedependentvariable,thetimeframeisverylongorthepopulationiswithanonlineartransformationappliedtoeitherselected(i.e.patients),thefirstissueraisedisthethevariableortheexpectation,inordertoaccountpresenceofalargeamo

6、untofzeroexpenditures,forskewnessofthedata.Thisallowsmodellingthethatcallsforalimiteddependentvariablepositiveoutcomeswithoutfullyspecifyingtheapproach.Thesecondissuecomesfromtheerrordistribution.Alargebodyofliteraturehasheavilyskeweddistributionsusuallyexhibitedbybeendevotedtothetwo-partapp

7、roach(notablyasdataonhealth-relatedconsumptionorexpendi-opposedtosample-selectionmodels,adebateture,whichruleoutthenormalityassumption.AinitiatedbyHayandOlsen[2]andDuanetal.furtherissuemayberaisedbyactualdata[3],see[4]forarecentdiscussion)andtheimp