volcanic hazards flow：火山灾害流

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1、15VolcanicHazards:FlowThinkAboutItDatePageG23Page#·Howdovolcanoesaffectthebiosphere?15VolcanicHazards:FlowInvestigatePartADatePageG24Page#1.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthevolumeofaneruptionandthesizeoftheareaitcovers?3.MakeadatatableVolumeSurfaceArea(cm2)0.5cm31cm32cm34cm38cm316cm38a.Whateffe

2、ctdoestemperaturehaveonresistancetoflow(viscosity)?8b.Whathappenstofluidwhenslopechangesfromsteeptogentle?8c.Whateffectswouldyouseeiffluidsmovedthroughnarrowchannels?15VolcanicHazards:FlowInvestigatePartBDatePageG25Page#2a.Convertthetraveltimesintominutes.3.Makeagraphoftraveltime(yaxis)versus

3、distance(xaxis)forbothforks.4a.Whicharea(NorthForkorSouthFork)ismorelikelytohaveasteepergradient?Explain.4b.Explaintheevidenceinyourgraphsthatsuggeststhegradientsarenotconstant.4c.Explainwhetherornotyouthinkthatacommunitylocated50kmfromMt.St.Helensalongeitheroftheserivervalleyswouldhavetimeto

4、evacuateintheeventofanunexpectedmassiveeruption.15VolcanicHazards:FlowDiggingDeeperDatePagesG26-28Page#Lavaflowanoutpouringofmoltenlavafromaventorfissure;also,thesolidifiedbodyofrocksoformedItdestroysalmosteverythinginitspath;however,mostlavaflowsmoveslowlyenoughforpeopletomoveoutofthewayRate

5、ofisaffectedby:lavaflow1.slope2.coolingLavaflowsfasteronasteeperslopeAslavacools,itflowslessandlesseasilyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyIV5fd1AwwViscositythepropertyofafluidtoofferinternalresistancetoflowLavathatislowinsilicaislessviscous15Flowsoflowsilicalavacantraveltensofkilometersfromth

6、esourceLavatubesThesurfacemaycool,crustover,andinsulatetheinterior,whichkeepsthelavaatahighertemperatureasitmovesawayfromthesourceBasaltflowscanmoveatspeedsofupto10km/honsteepslopesOnashallowslope,ittypicallymoveslessthanonekilometerperhourhttp://www.truveo.com/Kilaueas-Eruption-Fire-and-Ice/

7、id/36587611615Controltheflow1.spraywaterontothelava2.lavaflowscanalsobedivertedawayfrompopulatedareasbycarvinganewchannelorpathwaythroughthelandscapeforthelavatofollow.15Andesiticlavaiscoolerandhasahighersilicacontentthanbasalticlava;itmovesa