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1、THEIDEAOFANOVERLAPPINGCONSENSUS!JOHNRAWLS*Theaimsofpoliticalphilosophydependonthesocietyitaddresses.Inaconstitutionaldemocracyoneofitsmostimportantaimsispresentingapoliticalconceptionofjusticethatcannotonlyprovideasharedpublicbaskforthejustificationofpoli
2、ticalandsocialinstitutionsbutalsohelpsensurestabilityfromDownloadedfromonegenerationtothenext.Nowabasisofjustificationthatrestsonself-orgroup-interestsalonecannotbestable;suchabasismustbe,Ithink,evenwhenmoderatedbyskilfulconstitutionaldesign,ameremodusviv
3、endi,dependentonafortuitousconjunctionofcontingencies.Whatisneededisaregulativepoliticalconceptionofjusticethatcanarticulateandorderinaprincipledwaythepoliticalhttp://ojls.oxfordjournals.org/idealsandvaluesofademocraticregime,therebyspecifyingtheaimstheco
4、nstitutionistoachieveandthelimitsitmustrespectInaddition,thispoliticalconceptionneedstobesuchthatthereissomehopeofitsgainingthesupportofanoverlappingconsensus,thatis,aconsensusinwhichitisaffirmedbytheopposingreligious,philosophicalandmoraldoctrineslikelyt
5、othriveovergenerationsinamoreorlessjustconstitutionaldemocracy,wherethecriterionofjusticeisthatpoliticalconceptionitself.Inthefirstpartofmydiscussion(SeesI—II)IreviewthreefeaturesofapoliticalatRadcliffeScienceLibrary,BodleianLibraryonJuly12,2012conception
6、ofjusticeandnotewhyaconceptionwiththesefeaturesisappropriategiventhehistoricalandsocialconditionsofamoderndemocraticsociety,andinparticular,theconditionIshallrefertoasthefactofpluralism.Thesecondpart(SeesIII—VII)takesupfourillustrative—butIthinkmisplaced—
7、objectionswearelikelytohavetotheideaofanoverlappingconsensus,andtoitscorollarythatsocialunityinademocracycannotrestonasharedconceptionofthemeaning,tThisessayisaconsiderablerevisionofalecturegivenatOxfordinMayastheHartLectureinJurisprudenceandMoralPhilosop
8、hyfor1986underthetitle'PoliticalPhilosophyinaDemocraticSociety'.Thetitlehasbeenchangedtogiveamorespecificideaofthelecture'scontents.ItwasaprivilegeformetobeabletogivethislectureinhonourofProfessorH.L.A.HartfromwhomI
