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ID:34061373
大小:167.15 KB
页数:10页
时间:2019-03-03
《语言c概论笔记1-5章》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、Chapter1Prescriptive(规范的)----laydownrulesfor“correctandstandard”behaviorinusinglanguage(traditionalgrammar)Descriptive(描述性的)----describe/analyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse(modernlinguistic)Synchronic(同步的)study----descriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeinhistory(moder
2、nlinguistics)Diachronic(历时的)study----descriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtime(studieshistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime)Langue(语言)----thesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetoabideby;abstract;doesn'tchangefrequently.Parole(言语)----theconc
3、reteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;concrete;variesfrompersontoperson,fromsituationtosituation.Saussure(索绪尔)thinksthatparoleissimplyamassoflinguisticfactsforsystematicinvestigation,whatlinguistsshoulddoistoabstractlanguefromparole.Saussuretakesasociolog
4、icalviewoflanguageandhisnotionoflangueisamatterofsocialconventions.Competence----theidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguagePerformance----theactualrealizationofthisknowledgeinlinguisticcommunicationChomskythinksthatwhatlinguistsshouldstudyistheidealspeaker'scompet
5、ence,nothisperformance.Chomskylooksatlanguagefromapsychologicalpointofviewandtohimcompetenceisapropertyofthemindofeachindividual.必考:Chomsky的语言学来源:philosophy,mathematics,psychologyLanguage:Languageisasystem,systematic(系统的)e.g."iblk"isnotapossiblecombined./"Beenhewounde
6、dhas"isnotagrammaticallyacceptedsentence.Languageisarbitrary(任意的):nointrinsicconnectionbetweenthewordandthethingitdenotes,e.g.“pen”byanyothernameisthethingweusetowritewith./"Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet."Languageisprimarilyvocal.Languageishuman-specific(人类特有的)
7、.Arbitrariness(任意):nologicalconnectionbetweensoundsandmeanings.Productivity(生产力)/creativity(创造力):peculiar(特权)tohumanlanguages,usersoflanguagecanunderstandandproducesentencestheyhaveneverheardbefore,e.g.wecanunderstandsentencelike“Ared-eyedelephantisdancingonthehotelbe
8、d”,thoughitdoesnotdescribeacommonhappeningintheworld.Duality(doublearticulation):Lowerlevel----sounds(meaningless)Higherleve
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