基于倒谱预白化和随机共振的轴承故障增强检测

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1、第48卷第23期机械工程学报Vol.48No.232012年12月JOURNALOFMECHANICALENGINEERINGDec.2012DOI：10.3901/JME.2012.23.083*基于倒谱预白化和随机共振的轴承故障增强检测张晓飞胡茑庆胡雷程哲(国防科学技术大学装备综合保障技术重点实验室长沙410073)摘要：轴承损伤引起的冲击受到离散频率分量和噪声干扰，使轴承故障检测面临困难。结合基于倒谱编辑(Cepstrumeditingprocedure,CEP)的信号预白化和随机共振(Stochasticresonance,

2、SR)微弱信号检测技术，提出一种轴承故障增强检测的新方法。信号预白化能够提升轴承振动信号的冲击特性，产生包含白噪声和轴承局部故障信号的白化信号。在未知最优共振频带的情况下，对白化后的轴承振动信号进行包络分析，增强故障特征分量的同时引入了较多噪声。通过随机共振的归一化尺度变换，将轴承包络信号作为检测模型的输入，增强轴承故障特征频率分量。提出将轴承故障特征频率处的局部谱峭度和局部信噪比作为对照指标。实测正常和外环植入故障轴承的诊断结果表明，提出的方法优于基于谱峭度优化的包络分析和单纯的信号预白化方法。关键词：信号预白化随机共振轴承故障诊

3、断中图分类号：TH133EnhancedDetectionofBearingFaultsBasedonSignalCepstrumPre-whiteningandStochasticResonanceZHANGXiaofeiHUNiaoqingHULeiCHENGZhe(LaboratoryofScienceandTechnologyonIntegratedLogisticsSupport,NationalUniversityofDefenseTechnology,Changsha410073)Abstract：Theimpulse

4、generatedbybearingdamageisinterferedbydiscretefrequenciesandmuchnoise.Theinterferencebringstroublestobearingfaultsdetection.Anewenhanceddetectionmethodofbearingfaultsisproposedbasedoncombinationofpre-whiteningtechnologyusingcepstrumeditingprocedure(CEP)andweaksignaldet

5、ectionbasedonstochasticresonance(SR)theory.Signalpre-whiteningcouldbeofadvantageinenhancingtheimpulsivenessofthebearingsignals,andtheeventualresultisawhitesignal,whichcontainsbothnoiseandthecomponentsresultingfromlocalizedbearingdefects.Thevibrationsignalpre-whitenedis

6、envelopedwithouttheknowledgeofoptimalfrequencybandofbearing.Thebearingfaultscharactercomponentscouldbeenhanced,whilebringmorenoiseinterference.TheinputofSRmodelisenvelopesignalofbearing.Bynormalizedscaletransform,bearingcharacteristicfrequenciesareenhanced.Thelocalspec

7、trumkurtosisandlocalsignal-to-noiseratioofbearingfaultscharacteristiccomponentsareproposedasindicatorsforcomparison.Thedetectionresultsofnormalandouterracefaultplantedbearingshowthatthemethodproposedisbetterthantheenvelopeanalysisbasedonoptimumspectrumkurtosisandsignal

8、pre-whiteningonly.Keywords：Signalpre-whiteningStochasticresonanceBearingFaultdiagnosis损害旋转机械的运行精度，严重时会引起整个机器*0前言停机甚至引