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《Salinity evolution and crop response to secondary soil salinity in two agro-climatic zones in Lebanon.pdf》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、AgriculturalWaterManagement78(2005)152–164www.elsevier.com/locate/agwatSalinityevolutionandcropresponsetosecondarysoilsalinityintwoagro-climaticzonesinLebanonT.Darwisha,*,T.Atallahb,M.ElMoujabberc,N.KhatibbaNationalCouncilforScientificResearch,NationalCenterforRemoteSensing,Riad
2、ElSolh,Beirut,LebanonbFacultyofAgriculturalSciences,LebaneseUniversity,Kaslik,LebanoncHolySpiritUniversity,Beirut,LebanonAccepted1April2005Availableonline13June2005AbstractThispaperreviewsthehumanimpactonlanddegradationthroughtheintegratedeffectoffertilizationandirrigationonsec
3、ondarysalinizationforthedifferentcroppingpatternsandagro-climaticzonesofLebanon.AgriculturaloperationsinthesemiaridnorthernareasofLebanonarecharacterizedbyintensiveopenfieldandlowtunnelproduction.Soildegradationhasoccurredbecauseofthecombinedeffectofmismanagedcroprotation,poorfe
4、rtilizationandirrigationpolicies.Monocultureandotheragriculturalpracticescausedsaltaccumulationinthesoil(9.0dS/m),whichwasthendesertedafterseveralyearsofexploitation.UnderaridMediterraneanclimate,thesepracticesincreasedthevulnerabilityofanalreadyfragileecosystem.Becauseofwaters
5、hortage,farmersreliedondripirrigationdespitehigherinvestmentcost,although,thedeteriorationofsoilqualitywasassociatedwiththeuseofdripirrigation.Themonitoringofsoilqualityindicatedaself-recoveryafterseveralyearsoffallowingoraswitchtoabarley-basedrotation.Insteadofenhancingwaterus
6、eefficiencyandproperlymanagingthefertigationsystem,areplacementofdripbysprinklersispracticed.Thisisanindicationthattheintroductionofmodernirrigationsystemsisnotsufficient,animprovementofagriculturalpracticesandanupgradingoffarmer’sskillsarerequired.Alongthesubhumidcoastalstrip,th
7、eareaofgreenhouseshasexpandedto5000ha.Itisthemost1intensivecroppingsysteminthecountrywithamanureinputreaching60thaaddedevery2years1andfertilizerinputexceeding1800kghaofcompoundsolubleandlow-solubilityfertilizersperseason.Consequently,secondarysoilsalinityhasreached15–20dS/m.A
8、six-foldincreaseofsoilsalinityinsidethegreenhousesinco
