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1、CHAPTER6Polymer-MatrixCompositesPolymersPolymer-matrixcompositesaremucheasiertofabricatethanmetal-matrix,carbon-matrix,andceramic-matrixcomposites,whetherthepolymerisathermosetorathermoplast.Thisisbecauseoftherelativelylowprocessingtemperaturesrequiredforfabricatingpolymer-matrixcomposites.Fortherm
2、o-sets,suchasepoxy,phenolic,andfurfurylresin,theprocessingtemperaturetypicallyrangesfromroomtemperaturetoabout200°C;forthermoplasts,suchaspolyimide(PI),polyethersulfone(PES),polyetheretherketone(PEEK),polyetherimide(PEI),andpolyphenylsulfide(PPS),theprocessingtempera-turetypicallyrangesfrom300to400
3、°C.Thermosets(especiallyepoxy)havelongbeenusedaspolymermatricesforcarbonfibercomposites.Duringcuring,usuallyperformedinthepresenceofheatandpressure,athermosetresinhardensgraduallyduetothecompletionofpolymerizationandthecross-linkingofthepolymermolecules.Thermoplastshaverecentlybecomeimportantbecaus
4、eoftheirgreaterductilityandprocessingspeedcomparedtothermosets,andtherecentavailabilityofthermoplaststhatcanwithstandhightemperatures.Thehigherprocessingspeedofthermoplastsisduetothefactthatthermoplastssoftenimmediatelyuponheatingabovetheglasstransitiontemperature(T,)andthesoftenedmaterialcanbeshap
5、edeasily.Subsequentcoolingcompletestheprocessing.Incontrast,thecuringofathermosetresinisareactionwhichoccursgradually.Epoxyisbyfarthemostwidelyusedpolymermatrixforcarbonfibers.TradenamesofepoxyincludeEpon,Epi-rez,andAraldite.Epoxyhasanexcellentcombinationofmechanicalpropertiesandcorrosionresistance
6、,isdimensionallystable,exhibitsgoodadhesion,andisrelativelyinexpensive.Moreover,thelowmolecularweightofuncuredepoxideresinsintheliquidstateresultsinexceptionallyhighmolecularmobilityduringprocessing.Thismobilityenablestheresintoquicklywetthesurfaceofcarbonfiber,forexample.8586CARBONFIBERCOMPOSITESE
7、poxyresinsarecharacterizedbyhavingtwoormoreepoxidegroupspermolecule.Thechemicalstructureofanepoxidegroupis:whereBe=benzenering.Forliquids,nisusuallylessthan1;forsolidresins,nis2orgreater.Thecuringofanepoxyr
