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1、WHATISPOLYSEMY?—ASURVEYOFCURRENTRESEARCHANDR*ESULTSGergelyPeth,DepartmentofGermanLinguistics,UniversityofDebrecen,HungaryINTRODUCTIONInthispaper,Iwilltrytogiveageneralandcomprehensiveoverviewofoneofthecentralissuesofpresentdaylexicalsemantics:polysemy.Asiswidelyknown,polyse
2、myhasbeenintensivelystudiedinseveralstrandsoflinguisticresearchsinceaboutthebeginningofthe1980s.Thefirstimportantstrandtoappearbefore1980wasthatofdescriptivelexicalsemantics,whichproceededusuallyinthemannerofclassicalstructuralsemantics(thatisbyexaminingtherelationsbetweendi
3、fferentinterpretationsofwords).Inthe80s,anotherapproachappeared,thatofcognitivelinguistics.Cognitivelinguistsabandonedthestructuralistprinciplethatlinguisticphenomenashouldbeexaminedinlanguage-internalterms,i.e.thattheyshouldbeaccountedforonthegroundsofrelationsbetweenlingui
4、sticentities,inthiscasemeanings.Theyproposedthatthemeaningofwordsshouldbeaccountedforbyrelatingthemtotheconceptstheystandfor,i.e.psychologicalentities,andthepeculiaritiesoftheuseofwordsshouldbethereforeexplained,wheneverpossible,byreferencetothepropertiesoftheseconceptsandre
5、lationsamongthem.Itwasalsointhe80sthatowingtohigh-performancecomputerequipmentbecomingmoreandmoreavailable,extensiveworkstartedonnaturallanguageprocessing(NLP),whichhadalreadybeenfacedwiththeproblemofambiguitybeingubiquitousinlanguage.Sincethiswasofcourseamajorhandicapforpro
6、gressinNLP,disambiguationbecameoneofthemoreimportantissuesofthisbranchofresearch.Disambiguation(ofcourse)includesambiguitiesthatariseinsyntacticparsingandotherkindsofambiguitythatareusuallyconsideredinstancesofhomonymy,butitalsoincludespolysemyproper.Itfollowsfromthestructur
7、eofNLPresearchthatthereareseveralaspectsofitthatco-operatetosolvetheproblemofdisambiguatingpolysemyandrepresentingit,bothforNLPandforotherpurposes.Theseare*ThispaperisarevisedandexpandedversionofPeth(1999).Iknowoffewpointswherethetwopaperswouldcontradicteachother,butinsuchc
8、ases,Iconsiderwhatissaidheretobevalid.Myresearchwasfinanciallysupportedbyth
