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1、必修5Unit5Firstaid-ReadingFIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyanditslargestorgan.Youhavethreelayersofskinwhichactasabarrieragainstdisease,poisonsandthesurfsharmfulrays・Thefunctionsofyourskinarealsoverycomplex:itkeepsyouwarmorcool;itpreventsyourbod
2、yfromlosingtoomuchwater;itiswhereyoufeelcold,heatorpainanditgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Soasyoucanimagine,ifyourskingetsburneditcanbeveryserious・Firstaidisaveryimportantfirststepinthetreatmentofbums.CausesofbumsYoucangetburnedbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,
3、fire,radiation(bybeingclosetohighheatorfire,etc),thesun,electricityorchemicals.TypesofburnsTherearethreetypesofburns.Burnsarecalledfirst,secondorthirddegreeburns,dependingonwhichlayersoftheskinareburned.◎FirstdegreeburnsTheseaffectonlythetoplayeroftheskin.The
4、sebumsarenotseriousandshouldfeelbetterwithinadayortwo.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbytouchingahotpan,stoveorironforamordent.◎SeconddegreeburnsTheseaffectboththetopandthesecondlayeroftheskin.Thesebumsareseriousandtakeafewweekstoheal.Examplesineludes
5、everesunburnandbumscausedbyhotliquids.◎ThirddegreeburnsTheseaffectallthreelayersoftheskinandanytissueandorgansundertheskin.Examplesineludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orseverepetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinjuriesandthevictimmustgotohospi
6、talatonce.CharacteristicsofburnsFirstdegreeburns◎dry,redandmildlyswollen◎mildlypainful◎turnwhitewhenpressedSeconddegreebums◎rough,redandswollen◎blisters◎waterysurface◎extremelypainfulThirddegreeburns◎blackandwhiteandcharred◎swollen;oftentissueunderthemcanbese
7、en◎littleornopainifnervesaredamaged;maybepainaroundedgeofinjuredarea.Firstaidtreatment1Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.Takeoffotherclothingandjewelleryneartheburn.2Coolburnsimmediatelywithcoolbutnoticywater.Itisbesttoplaceburnsu
8、ndergentlyrunningwaterforabout10minutes.(Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocess,preventsthepainbecomingunbearableandreducesswelling.)Donotputcoldwateronthirddegreeburns.3Forfirstdegreeburns,p
