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1、PHYSICALREVIEWAVOLUME52,NUMBER1JULY1995OpticalhomodynemeasurementsandentangledcoherentstatesB.C.Sanders''*K.S.Lee'tandM.S.Kim'~PhysicsDepartment,SogangUniversity,CPOBox11/2,Seoul,100-611,KoreaSchoolofMathematics,Physics,ComputingandElectronics,MacquarieUniversity,¹wSouthWales210g,Australia(Rec
2、eived21October1994;revisedmanuscriptreceived3March1995)Weshowthatopticalhomodynemeasurementsofcoherentstates,andofsuperpositionsofco-herentstates,canbedescribedusingthejointphoton-numberdistributionforentangledcoherentstates.Thequadrature-phasedistributioninterferencefringesforsuperpositionsof
3、macroscopicallydistinctcoherentstates(theso-called"Schrodingercatstates")areshowntoarisefrominterferenceinthephoton-numberdistributionforentangledcoherentstates.Theentangledsqueezedstatesareintroducedhereassqueezedsuperpositionstateswhichareopticallymixedwithanantisqueezedcoherentlocaloscillat
4、orfield(squeezingintheotherquadrature)atabeamsplitter,andwedis-cusstheconnectionbetweenentangledsqueezedstatesandsqueezed-statehomodynedetectionofsqueezedlight.Finallytherelationshipbetweeninterferenceinphasespaceandfringesinthejointphoton-numberdistributionfortheentangledsqueezedstateisexplor
5、ed.PACSnumber(s):42.50.Dv,42.50.Ar,03.65.BzI.INTRODUCTIONphoton-numberdistributionasanaturalmeasurementfordeterminingthepresenceoftheentangledcoherentThesuperpositionprincipleofquantummechanicsisstate.attheheartofthemysteryofquantumtheory,andInterferencefringesinthephoton-numberdistributionSch
6、rodinger'scatparadox[1]illustratestheconceptualarethesignatureofentanglement,andcanbeviewedasdifBcultieswithextendingthesuperpositionprincipletoarisingduetointerferenceinphasespace[15—17].Fur-themacroscopicworld.Consequentlymuchinteresthastherrnore,theopticalhomodynedetection[18]ofsingle-focus
7、edongeneratinganddetectingtheopticalmanifes-modestatesisobtainedbyreducingthisjointphoton-tationoftheso-called"catstate"byproducingasuper-numberdistributiontothephoton-numberdifferencedis-positionoftwomacroscopicallydistinctcoherentstat
