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1、伽利略•伽利雷——西方科学之父GalileoGalileiwasamatheniQtician［数学家］,physicist［物理学家］,philosopherandastronomer［天文学家］.Heisoftenconsideredthefatherofmodernscience・PaulRonney(ProfessorofAerospace&MechanicalEngineering,UniversityofSouthernCalifornia):Galileowastheonewhoreallyputtogeth
2、ertheprinciples［法贝H,原理］ofexperiment,theoryandmathematicstogetherintoacommonframework.AmyMainzer(ScientistatJPL注)：Probablymorethananyoneelse,Galileowasreallythepersonresponsiblefor［造成的原因］developingmodernastronomy［天文学］.GalileowasborninPisa,Italy,in1564.Hewaseducated
3、inaJesuit［耶稣会信徒］monastery［修道院］.BeforehestudiedmedicineattheUniversityofPisa,Galileofirstgainedfamewhenhediscoveredwhatisnowcalledthelawofthependulum［4申摆］.Dr.LauraDanly(Curator,GriffithObservatory［天文台］):Onedayinthecathedral［大教堂］hewaswatchingthelampsthatwerehangingf
4、romtheceilingandsawthemswayingbackandforth,andstartedthinkingaboutthenatureofapendulum.Ronney：Hefoundthattheamplitude［振幅］oftheswayingdoesn，tmatter,butthelengthofthependulumdoes,andthisbecamethegenesis［起源］ofregulation［校准］ofclocks,forwhichhebecameinstantly［立艮卩地］famo
5、us・GalileoalsogainedfamebysupposedlyusingtheleaningTowerofPisatoprovethelawofconstantaccelerationE等加速度］.Ronney：It，ssaidthatGalileodroppedtwosteelballsofdifferentmasses［质量］butthesamematerialfromtheleaningTowerofPisa,andtheylandedatthesametime,incontrastto［和形成对比］wha
6、tAristotlewouldhavepredicted.Mainzer：What，simportantaboutthisisnotonlytheresuItbutthefactthatheushered［开创］inthisnewmethodofdoingscience,whereyouconductanexperimenttotestahypothesis［/艮设］.Heshowedthatyouhavetodomorethanjustthinksomething，strue,youhavetoproveit.In160
7、9,GalileoheardaboutatelescopebuiltbyaDutcheyeglass-maker・Hesoonbuilthisown,32timesmorepowerful,andstartedstudyingtheheavens・Danly:WhenGalileolookedatJupiter［木星］throughatelescope,hediscoveredfourtiny,littlelightsthatseemedtocircleJupiter.Thosearewhatarenowreferredt
8、oastheGalileianmoons・Ronney:ThisconfirmedCopernicus，ideathatcelestial［天上的］bodiesrotateeachother・HealsolookedatVenus［金星］andfoundthatithadphases［相位］.Mainz
