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1、贵州省农村环境卫生状况调查何平张建华(贵州省疾病预防控制中心贵州贵阳550001)【摘要】目的：了解我省农村环境卫牛状况，为制定农村换卫牛与健康的相关政策和措施提供依据。方法：按照经济发展水平等，选取28个县的560个行政村，采用统一的调查表格进行入户调查。结果：560个村，公厕拥有率为41.07%,农户卫生厕所拥有率为41.36%,57.05%的农户使用非卫生厕所，1.59%的农户无丿则所。农户户丿则清洁率为55.28%,户厕不清洁率为44.72%0农户户厕粪便直接施肥的占61.27%,直接排入下水道的占24.32%,排入
2、沟塘河道的占6.46%,用土掩埋后施肥的占4.10%,高温堆肥处理的占3.85%。调查的560个村，牛活垃圾定点堆放的占50.00%,随意堆放占36.79%,统一收集占13.21%,生活垃圾42.32%是焚烧处理，34.11%是填埋处理。生活污水随意排放占64.64%,生活污水直接排放至农出占40.71%,肓接排放至河流占30.71%。讨论：我省农村户厕粪便多数没有经过无害化处理，牛活垃圾多采取焚烧或填埋方式进行处理,牛活污水多直接排放至农田或河流，这极易造成空气和土壤河流的污染，存在一定的环境污染风险，容易引发相关的疾病，
3、应加以高度重视。【关键词】环境卫牛；丿则所；牛活垃圾；牛活污水【中图分类号】R195【文献标识码】A【文章编号】2095-1752(2015)06-0080-03ThesurveyofruralsarotationsituationinGuizhouProvinceHeping,,Zhangjianhua,GuizhouCenterForDiseaseControlandPrevention,Guiyang,550001[Abstract】Objective:Inordertounderstandtheruralsanita
4、tionsituationinGuizhouProvinee,andtoprovideabasisforthedevelopmentofrelevantpoliciesandmeasuresforruralsanitationandhealth.Methods:Accordingtothelevelofeconomicdevelopment,560administrativevillagesof28countieswereselected,andhouseholdsurveywasconductedbyadoptingaun
5、tiedsurveyform.Results:Therateofthetoilets,sanitarytoilets,non-sanitarytoiletsandnotoiletsin560administrativevillageswere41.07%,41.36%,57.05%and1.59%,respectively.Thecleaneranddirtyrateoffarmers’householdtoiletwas55.28%and44.72%;thestooloffarmers’househ
6、oldtoiletdirectlyoffertilizationaccountedfor4.01%,dischargedintothesewerandriversaccountedfor24.32%and6.46%,withsoilburiedafterfertilizingaccountedfor4.10%,hightemperaturecompostingtreatmentaccountedfor3.85%.Thegarbagepiledup,randomstackiunifiedcollect!on,incinerat
7、iontreatmentandIandfilldisposalrespectivelyaccountedfor50.00%,36.79%,13.21%,42.32%and34.11%.Indiscriminatedischargeofdomesticsewageaccountedfor64.64%,directlydischargedintofarmlandandriversaccountedfor40.71%and30.71%.Conclusion:Mostfarmers’householdtoiletwith
8、outsoundprocessing,themajorityofdomesticwasteusingincinerationorburyingmethodforprocessing,anddomesticsewagedirectlydischargedintofarmlandorriver
