china-russian+energy+cooperation_problems,prospects+and+impact

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1、significantlytoRussia’Stotaloilproduction．Inthelonger-term，however，Sakhalin，alongwiththeuntappedoilreservesinEasternSiberiaandtheRussianArctic，mayplayalargerroleandseveralinternationaloilcompaniesareactivelyworkinginthisarea．TheRussiansectoroftheCaspianSeaandtheundevelopedareasofTiman-Pec

2、horainnorthernRussiaalsomayholdlargehydrocarbonreserves．Anumberofnewprojectsareindevelopment；howeverthesenewprojectsmayonlybeabletooffsetdecliningoutputfromagingfieldsandnotresultinsignificantoutputgrowthinthenear-term．Theuseofmoreadvancedtechnologiesandtheapplicationofimprovedrecoverytec

3、hniquesareresultinginincreasedoiloutputfromexistingoildeposits．FieldsintheWesternSiberianBasinproducethemajorityofRussia'soil，withdevelopmentsattheSamotlor(TNK-BP)andPriobskoye(Rosneft)fieldsextractingmorethan750，000bbl／dand800，000bbFd，respectively．TheregionisdominatedbyRussianfirms，altho

4、ughforeigncompanies，notablyShell，havesecuredaccesstoproductioninWesternSiberiaaswell．TheuntappedoilreservesofEasternSiberia,theRussianArctic，thenorthernCaspianSea,andSakhalinIslandareattractingattention．ExxonMobil，Shell，andBPhavesecuredacreageandareinvestingheavilyinexplorationanddevelopm

5、entonhydrocarbon-richSakhalinIsland，althoughthegovernmentispushingforagreaterrolefordomesticcompaniesintheseprojects．GazpromacquffedcontroloftheSakhalin-2projectfromShell，andtheRussianstatecompanyiscontinuingtoseekcontrolofthemarketingofgassuppliesfromtheSakhalinIprojeet,ledbyExxonMobil．R

6、ussiancompaniesarealsoexpandingintotheArcticandEasternSiberianregions，spurredonbytaxholidaysandloweroilexporttariffs．Whileseveralnewfieldshavecomeonstreamsince2009，includingRosnefi'sVankorfieldandTNK-BP’SVerkhnechonskoye，bringingadditionalfieldsintoproductionwilltaketimeandmayrequirearefo

7、rmedoiltaxregimefromthegovemment．2．2OilProductionCompaniesMostofRussia'sproductionremainsdominatedbydomesticfirms．FollowingthecollapseoftheSovietUnion，Russiaprivatizeditsoilindustry,howevertheconsolidationthatfollowedtransformedthesectorintoonedominatedbyafewprivate