3d游戏编程：gpu编程基础

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1、GPUProgrammingYanciZhangGameProgrammingIIOutlineGPUoverviewOpenGLshadinglanguageoverviewVertex/Geometry/FragmentshaderApplication:Per-pixelshadingGameProgrammingIIWhatisGPU?GPU:GraphicsProcessingUnitDevelopedrapidlyfrombeingprimitivedrawingdevicestobeingmajorcomputingresourcesExtremel

2、ypowerfulandflexibleprocessorTremendousmemorybandwidthandcomputationalpowerHighlevellanguageshaveemergedCapableofgeneral-purposecomputationbeyondgraphicsapplicationsGameProgrammingIIMotivationInmanyrespectsGPUismorepowerfulthanCPUComputationalpower:FLOPS(FloatingpointOperationsPerSecond

3、)ParallelismBandwidthPerformancegrowthrateGameProgrammingIIFloatingPointCalculationFLOPS:AcommonbenchmarkmeasurementforratingthespeedofFPUCPUIntelCorei7980XE(quad-core):107.55GFLOPSGPUnVidiaGeForceGTX480:2.02TFLOPSModernGPUssupporthighprecision32-bitfloatingpointthroughoutthepipeli

4、neNosupportforadoubleprecisionformatGameProgrammingIIParallelismParallelism:allowssimultaneousoperationsatthesametimeCPUDonotadequatelyexploitparallelismDual-core,quad-coreGPUGeForceGTX480:512kernelsGameProgrammingIIBandwidthPeakperformanceofcomputersystemsisoftenfarinexcessofactuala

5、pplicationperformanceThebandwidthbetweenkeycomponentsultimatelydictatessystemperformanceCPU64bitsDDR3-2133dual-channel:17GB/sGPUGeForceGTX480:384bits,177.4GB/sGameProgrammingIIGettingFasterandFasterCPUAnnualgrowth~1.5x->decadegrowth~60xMoore’slawGPUAnnualgrowth~2.0x->decadegrowth>1

6、000xFasterthanMoore’slawMulti-billiondollarvideogamemarketisapressurecookerthatdrivesinnovationGameProgrammingIIKeystoHigh-Perf.ComputingEfficientcomputationMaximizethehardwaredevotedtocomputationAllowparallelismTaskparallelismDataparallelismInstructionparallelismEnsureeachcomputati

7、onunitoperatesatmaximumefficiencyGameProgrammingIIKeystoHigh-Perf.ComputingEfficientcommunicationSimplyprovidinglargeamountsofcomputationisnotsufficientPEsoftenspendmostofthetimewaitingfordataMinimizeoff-chipcommunicationGameProgrammingIIStream