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1、AREVISEDRADIOMETRICNORMALISATIONSTANDARDFORSAR121DavidSmall,NunoMiranda,ErichMeier1:RemoteSensingLaboratories,UniversityofZürich,Winterthurerstrasse190,CH-8057Zürich,SwitzerlandE-mail:david.small@geo.uzh.ch2:EuropeanSpaceAgencyESA-ESRIN,ViaGalileoGalilei,
2、I-00044Frascati,ItalyE-mail:nuno.miranda@esa.intABSTRACTN.B.Althoughthegeometryisterraincorrectedina00ImprovedgeometricaccuracyinSARsensorsimpliesthatmoreGTCproduct,theradiometryoftheorbackscattercomplexmodelsoftheEarthmaybeusednotonlytogeometri-contentsr
3、emainsellipsoid-model-based,asinESAcallyrectifyimagery,butalsotomorerobustlycalibratetheirERS-1/2GECorASARIMG/APGellipsoid-geocodedpro-radiometry.Currentbeta,sigma,andgammanoughtSARradi-ducts.OnlyinRadiometrically-Terrain-Corrected(RTC)ometryconventionsal
4、lassumeasimple“flatasKansas”Earthimagery[6]doesthebackscatternormalisationreplacetheellipsoidmodel.Wecomplementthesesimplemodelswithim-GTC’sellipsoidmodelwithadigitalheightmodel.Imageprovedradiometriccalibrationthataccountsforlocalterrainsimulationalgorit
5、hms,originallydevelopedformissionvariations.IntheeraofERS-1andRADARSAT-1,imagegeolo-planning[2]andgeometryrefinement[9]applications,cancationaccuracywasintheorderofmultiplesamples,andtiepoint-berefinedtoalso“flatten”SARimageradiometry.freeestablishmentoft
6、herelationshipbetweenradarandmapge-ometrieswasnotpossible.NewersensorssuchasASAR,Asimplifiedcross-sectionoftheimaginggeometryofaPALSAR,andTerraSAR-XallsupportaccurategeolocationbasedSARsensorisshowninFigure1.ThesatellitepositionSisonproductannotationsalon
7、e.Weshowthathighgeolocationac-shownforasingletargetpositionEontheEarth’ssurface.curacy,combinedwithavailabilityofhigh-resolutionaccurateThegeocentrecentralanglebetweenSandEis.Afea-elevationmodels,enablesamorerobustradiometriccalibrationturelessellipsoidi
8、sshowninbluerepresentingabroadstandardformodernSARsensorsthatisbasedongammanoughtoutlineoftheEarth’ssurface.Terrainundulationsthataf-normalisedusinganEarthterrain-model.fectthegeometryforeverytargetimagedareshowninI
