Gaochao-zju-AM-2013-carbon aerogel.pdf

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1、www.advmat.dewww.MaterialsViews.comCOMMUNICATIONMultifunctional,Ultra-Flyweight,SynergisticallyAssembledCarbonAerogelsHaiyanSun,ZhenXu,andChaoGao*SincethefirstreportofaerogelsbyKistlerin1930s,[1]severalThemacroscopic-assembled,allcarbonaerogelsoffertheinte-ultralightcellularmaterialssu

2、chassilicaaerogels,[2]metallicgratedpropertiesofextremelylowdensity,temperature-invar-foams,[3]CNTaerogels,[4]andpolymerfoams[5]havebeenpre-iantsuperrecyclablecompressibility,andelasticity-responsiveparedtoexploittheirwideapplications,coveringfromthermalconductivity,originatingfromthe

3、synergisticeffectbetweeninsulationtooilorheavymetal-absorption,energystorage,elasticCNTribsandgiantgraphenecellwalls.Thehydro-catalystsupports,andsupercapacitors.[6–11]Followingtheacces-phobicaerogelshaveaporosityof∼99.9%,possessingultra-sibilityofultralowdensitybelow10mgcm−3,thenextd

4、reamhighoil-absorptioncapacity,215-913timesoftheirownweightstargetistoachieveultra-flyweightaerogels(UFAs)withaden-dependentontheoildensity.Suchcapacitiesaregenerallysity(ρ)lessthan1mgcm−3,whichisevensmallerthanthat2–4-foldhigherthanthereportedhighestvalues,[20]andonetoofairatambientco

5、nditions(1.2mgcm−3).Recently,periodictwoordersofmagnitudehigherthanthoseofcommercialoil-microlattice-constructedNifoams[3]withρof0.9mgcm−3wereabsorbents.madebyelectrolessplatingandsubsequentlyetchingawaytheOurUFAsaredirectlymadebycryodesiccationfromthepolymertemplate;microtubes-interc

6、onnetedaerographite[12]aqueous,fluidsolutionsofCNTsandGGO(thefrozensystemwithρaslowas0.18mgcm−3wasgainedbyZnOtemplate-canreversiblybecomefluidwhenbeingwarmed),ratherthanbasedCVDapproach.Thetemplate-directedsynthesisstrategyfromhydrogelsgenerallyneededinpreviousmethods.[2,6]Socouldbringt

7、hemeritsoforderedandhierarchicalstructures,wecancoinourprotocolas“sol-cryo”.Becauseofthesimplicityyetinthesamebreathlimitsthescalabilityofresultingaero-ofassemblyprocessinourtemplate-free“sol-cryo”method-gelsbecauseofthehardaccessibilityofwell-organized,large-ologyandthelarge-scaleava

8、ilabi