材料专 业 词 汇 列 表

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1、专业词汇列表晶体结构（structureofcrystal）原子质量单位Atomicmassunit(amu)原子量Atomicweight键能Bondingenergy共价键Covalentbond电子构型electronicconfiguration正电的Electropositive氢键Hydrogenbond同位素Isotope摩尔Mole泡利不相容原理Pauliexclusionprinciple原子atom分子量moleculeweight量子数quantumnumber范德华键vanderwaals

2、bond点群pointgroup各向异性anisotropy体心立方结构body-centeredcubic(BCC)布拉格定律bragg’slaw晶体结构crystalstructure晶体的crystalline中子衍射neutrondiffraction晶界grainboundary鲍林规则Pauling’srulesCsCl型结构CaesiumChloridestructure纤锌矿型结构Wurtzitestructure萤石型结构Fluoritestructure尖晶石型结构Spinel-typestr

3、ucture岛状结构Islandstructure层状结构Layerstructure滑石talc高岭石kaolinite长石feldspar各向同性的isotropic晶格lattice密勒指数millerindices多晶的polycrystalline原子数Atomicnumber波尔原子模型Bohratomicmodel库仑力Coulombicforce分子的构型molecularconfiguration负电的Electronegative基态Groundstate离子键Ionicbond金属键Meta

4、llicbond分子Molecule元素周期表Periodictable极性分子Polarmolecule价电子valenceelectron电子轨道electronorbitals对称要素symmetryelements原子堆积因数atomicpackingfactor(APF)面心立方结构face-centeredcubic(FCC)配位数coordinationnumber晶系crystalsystem衍射diffraction电子衍射electrondiffraction六方密堆积hexagonalclo

5、se-packed(HCP)NaCl型结构NaCl－typestructure闪锌矿型结构Blende-typestructure金红石型结构Rutilestructure钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-typestructure硅酸盐结构Structureofsilicates链状结构Chainstructure架状结构Frameworkstructure叶蜡石pyrophyllite石英quartz美橄榄石forsterite各向异性的anisotropy晶格参数latticeparameters非结晶的n

6、oncrystalline多晶形polymorphism单晶singlecrystal电位electronstates电子electrons金属键metallicbonding极性分子polarmolecules衍射角diffractionangle粒度,晶粒大小grainsize显微照相photomicrograph透射电子显微镜transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM)四方的tetragonal配位数coordinationnumber晶胞unitcell(化合)价valence共

7、价键covalentbonding离子键Ionicbonding原子面密度atomicplanardensity合金alloy显微结构microstructure扫描电子显微镜scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM)重量百分数weightpercent单斜的monoclinic晶体结构缺陷(defectofcrystalstructure)缺陷defect,imperfection线缺陷linedefect,dislocation体缺陷volumedefect位错线dislocationli

8、ne螺位错screwdislocation晶界grainboundaries小角度晶界tiltboundary,位错阵列dislocationarray位错轴dislocationaxis位错爬移dislocationclimb位错滑移dislocationslip位错裂纹dislocationcrack位错密度dislocationdensity间隙原子intersti