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1、新东方阅读学词汇CET6-52-UnitoneElementarySchoolsinearlyAmericaWhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry'sexcellentelementarys
2、chools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,"spatial"thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyin
3、theNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.Acuteforeignobserversrelatedamericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein18
4、53reported,"Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman."Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe"premium"system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredi
5、nventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnolo
6、gicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,"Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousve
7、rbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.Thedesignerandtheinventorareabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist."Thisnonverbal"spatial"thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.robertfultononcewrote,"
8、Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea."Whenalltheseshapi
