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1、AHandbookofStatisticalAnalysesUsingRBrianS.EverittandTorstenHothornPrefaceThisbookisintendedasaguidetodataanalysiswiththeRsystemforsta-tisticalcomputing.RisanenvironmentincorporatinganimplementationoftheSprogramminglanguage,whichispowerful,flexibleandhasexcellentgraphicalfacil
2、ities(RDevelopmentCoreTeam,2005).IntheHandbookweaimtogiverelativelybriefandstraightforwarddescriptionsofhowtoconductarangeofstatisticalanalysesusingR.Eachchapterdealswiththeanalysisappropriateforoneorseveraldatasets.Abriefaccountoftherelevantstatisti-calbackgroundisincludedin
3、eachchapteralongwithappropriatereferences,butourprimefocusisonhowtouseRandhowtointerpretresults.Wehopethebookwillprovidestudentsandresearchersinmanydisciplineswithaself-containedmeansofusingRtoanalysetheirdata.Risanopen-sourceprojectdevelopedbydozensofvolunteersformorethanten
4、yearsnowandisavailablefromtheInternetundertheGeneralPublicLicence.Rhasbecomethelinguafrancaofstatisticalcomputing.Increasingly,implementationsofnewstatisticalmethodologyfirstappearasRadd-onpackages.Insomecom-munities,suchasinbioinformatics,Ralreadyistheprimaryworkhorseforstati
5、sticalanalyses.BecausethesourcesoftheRsystemareopenandavail-abletoeveryonewithoutrestrictionsandbecauseofitspowerfullanguageandgraphicalcapabilities,Rhasstartedtobecomethemaincomputingengineforreproduciblestatisticalresearch(Leisch,2002a,b,2003,LeischandRossini,2003,Gentleman
6、,2005).Forareproduciblepieceofresearch,theoriginalobservations,alldatapreprocessingsteps,thestatisticalanalysisaswellasthescientificreportformaunityandallneedtobeavailableforinspection,reproductionandmodificationbythereaders.Reproducibilityisanaturalre-quirementfortextbookssuch
7、asthe‘HandbookofStatisticalAnalysesUsingR’andthereforethisbookisfullyreproducibleusinganRversiongreaterorequalto2.4.0.Allanalysesandresults,includingfiguresandtables,canbereproducedbythereaderwithouthavingtoretypeasinglelineofRcode.Thedatasetspresentedinthisbookarecollectedina
8、dedicatedadd-onpackagecalledHSAURaccompanyingthisbook.Thepackagecanb