2015考研英语阅读理解精读p9—哲学

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1、凯程考研辅导班，中国最强的考研辅导机构，http://www.kaichengschool.com考研就找凯程考研，学生满意，家长放心，社会认可！2015考研英语阅读理解精读P9—哲学　Passage9　　Partofthescientificfaithofthelatenineteenthcenturywastheviewthattherewasoneandonlyonescientificmethod.Thismethod，arguedwriterslikeKarlPearsoninhisGrammarofScience，wasthe

2、onlysuremethodforarrivingatknowledgeinanysphere.Themethodwaseasilydescribed:collectthefactsintheareaunderstudy;orderthemintosequences，suchthatlawlikeoccurrencescouldbeseen;then，writedownthelawssoidentified.Accordingtothisview，disciplinesdifferedonlyastosubjectmatter，since

3、theunityofscienceconsistedofitsmethodalone.Also，accordingtothisview，theresultsofscientificinvestigation(thatis，newknowledge)willalwaysbeembodiedintheformofalawconnectingthefactsintheareaunderstudy.　　Explanation，accordingtothisview，issimplyaccountingforfactsonthebasisofade

4、ductionfromaknownlaworlaws，oraccountingforsomesubordinatelawonthebasisofadeductionfromsomemoregenerallaworlaws.ThemostinfluentialformulationofthisexplanationisCarlGHempel’s,perhapsmostaccessiblyarticulatedinhisarticle“ExplanationinScienceandHistory”.Sometimes，accordingtoH

5、empel，suchlawsareofastrictlyuniversalformandothertimestheyareofaprobabilisticorstatisticalform.Theyareassertions，inthislattercase，ofthekindthatifcertainspecifiedconditionsarerealizedthenanoccurrenceofsuchandsuchakindwillcomeaboutwithsuchaprobability.　　Ithinkthatitwouldbet

6、ruetosaythatinthelatenineteenthcenturyitwasfeltthatonefeaturedistinguishingphysicsfromhistoryasadisciplinewasthat，eveniftheysharedexactlythesamemethod，physicshadnoneedforthelatterkindofprobabilisticexplanation--atleastinprinciple--whileinhistoryitwasunavoidable.　　However，

7、inthetwentiethcentury，whateverelsemaydistinguishphysicsandhistoryasdisciplinesitisnotthatphysicsusesonlystrictlyuniversallawsanddeductiveexplanationsinthenineteenthcenturysense，whilehistorydoesnot.Thephysicsofthecentury，from1900onward，hasbeeninterestedinaggregatesofcertai

8、nclassesofphysicalindividuals(theparticles)andinaccountsoftheindividualsthatwouldenableonetounde