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1、www.afm-journal.dewww.MaterialsViews.comFULLPAPERChargeDensityDependentNongeminateRecombinationinOrganicBulkHeterojunctionSolarCellsDanielRauh,CarstenDeibel,*andVladimirDyakonov*theannihilationrateofelectronswithApparentrecombinationordersexceedingthevalueoftwoexpectedforholesisde
2、terminedbythelowmobility.bimolecularrecombinationhavebeenreportedfororganicsolarcellsinNongeminaterecombinationwasalsoreportedtooccurviainterfacestates[5]variouspublications.Twoprominentexplanationsarebimolecularlossesortrapstates,[6,7]describedbyShockley–withacarrierconcentration
3、dependentprefactorduetoatrappinglimitedRead–Hall(SRH)recombination.[8]Thesemobilityandprotectionoftrappedchargecarriersfromrecombinationbyaprocesseschangetherecombinationdonoracceptorphaseseparationuntilre-emissionfromthesedeepstates.Indynamicstowardsfirstorderprocesses,asordertocl
4、arifywhichmechanismisdominanttemperature-andillumination-electronandholeconcentrationsbecomeimbalanced.However,severalstudiesdependentchargeextractionmeasurementsareperformedunderopencircuitreportedrecombinationordersexceedingandshortcircuitconditionsatpoly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-di
5、yl):[6,6]-phenyl-C61two.[9–12]TherecombinationrateRcanbebutyricacidmethylester(P3HT:PC61BM)andPTB7:PC71BM(poly[[4,8-bis[(2-expressedempiricallyasethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethyl-orderhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]])solarcells
6、incombinationwithR=kn¯(1)currentvoltagecharacteristics.Itisshownthatthechargecarrierdensitynwhereordermeanstheorderofdecayanddependenceofthemobilityμandtherecombinationprefactoraredifferentk’istherecombinationprefactor,hereforP3HT:PC61BMattemperaturesbelow300KandPTB7:PC71BMatroomd
7、efinedtobeindependentofthechargetemperature.Therefore,inadditiontoμ(n),adetrappinglimitedrecombi-carrierdensityn¯.Inthissimpleequation,theconcentrationofelectronsnandholesnationinsystemswithatleastpartialdonoracceptorphaseseparationispisnotdistinguished,asthisisusuallyrequiredtoexp
8、lainthehighrecombinationorders.no
