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1、英文资料SuspensionSuspensionisthetenngiventothesystemofsprings,shockabsorbersandlinkagesthatconnectsavehicletoitswheels.Suspensionsysteinsserveadualpurpose-contributingtothecar"sroadholding/handlingandbrakingforgoodactivesafetyanddrivingpleasure,andkeeping
2、vehicleoccupantscomfortableandreasoneiblywel1isolatedfromroadnoise,bumps,andvibrations,etc.Thesegoalsaregenerallyatodds,sothetuningofsuspensionsinvolvesfindingtherightcompromise.Itisimportantforthesuspensiontokeeptheroadwheelincontactwiththeroadsurface
3、asmuchaspossible,becausealltheforcesactingonthevehicledosothroughthecontactpatchesofthetires.Thesuspensionalsoprotectsthevehicleitselfandanycargoorluggagefromdamageandwear.Thedesignoffrontandrearsuspensionofacarmaybedifferent.Leafspringshavebeenarounds
4、incetheearlyEgyptians.Ancientmilitaryengineersusedleafspringsintheformofbowstopowertheirsiegeengines,with1ittlesuccessatfirst.TheuseofleafspringsincatapuItswaslaterrefinedemdmadetoworkyearslater.Springswerenotonlymadeofmetal,asturdytreebranchcouldbeuse
5、dasaspring,suchaswithabow.HorsedrawnvehiclesBytheearly19thcenturymostBritishhorsecarriageswereequippedwithsprings;woodenspringsinthecaseoflightone-horsevehiclestoavoidtaxation,andsteelspringsinlargervehicles.Theseweremadeoflow-carbonsteelandusuallytook
6、theformofmultipielayerleafsprings.[1]TheBritishsteelspringswerenotwellsuitedforuseonAmerica"sroughroadsofthetime,andcouldevencausecoachestocollapseifcorneredtoofast.Inthe1820s,theAbbotDowningCompanyofConcord,NewHampshiredevelopedasystemwherebythebodies
7、ofstagecoachesweresupportedonleatherstrapscalled^thoroughbraces'7,whichgaveaswingingmotioninsteadofthejoltingupanddownofaspringsuspension(thestagecoachitselfwassometimescalleda/zthoroughbracez，)AutomobilesAutomobileswereinitiallydevelopedasself-propell
8、edversionsofhorsedrawnvehicles.However,horsedrawnvehicleshadbeendesignedforrelativelyslowspeedsandtheirsuspensionwasnotwellsuitedtothehigherspeedspermittedbytheinternalcombustionengine.In1903MorsofGermanyfirstfittedanautomobilewithshock
