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1、ChapterThreePreferences消费者偏好WhereAreWeintheCourse?•Wearestudyingthe1stofthethreeblocksofmicroeconomics:Consumerbehavior,productiontheory,andmarketequilibrium•Withinthe1stblock,weareworkingonthe2ndofthethreecomponents:choiceset,preference,andconsumerdemandWhatDoWeMeanbyPr
2、eference?(偏好)•Itreferstotheorderedrelationshipamongalternativechoicesgivenbyaneconomicagent.•Inmosteconomicliterature,consumerpreferenceistreatedastheultimateexogenouselement.PreferenceRelations•Comparingtwodifferentconsumptionbundles,xandy:–strictpreference:xismoreprefe
3、rredthanisy.–weakpreference:xisasatleastaspreferredasisy.–Indifference:xisexactlyaspreferredasisy.Notations≺•denotesstrictpreference; ∼denotesindifference;;•~denotesweakpreference;PreferenceRelations•xyandyximplyx;;∼y.~~•xyand(notyx)implyxy.;;≺~~AssumptionsaboutPreferenc
4、eRelations•Completeness:Foranytwobundlesxandyitisalwayspossibletomakethestatementthateitherxy;or~yx.;~AssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelations•Reflexivity:Anybundlexisalwaysatleastaspreferredasitself;i.e.xx.;~AssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelations•Transitivity:Ifxisatleastaspref
5、erredasy,andyisatleastaspreferredasz,thenxisatleastaspreferredasz;i.e.xyandyzxz.;;;~~~IndifferenceCurves无差异曲线(或,无差异集)•Takeareferencebundlex’.Thesetofallbundlesequallypreferredtox’istheindifferencecurvecontainingx’;thesetofallbundlesy∼x’.•Sinceanindifference“curve”isnotal
6、waysacurveabetternamemightbeanindifference“set”.IndifferenceCurvesxx2xx’’∼∼xx””∼∼xx”’”’x’xx””xx”’”’xx1IndifferenceCurvesxx2zz≺xx≺yyxzyxx1IndifferenceCurvesI1AllbundlesinIare1x2xstrictlypreferredtoallinI.2zI2AllbundlesinIare2ystrictlypreferredtoI3allinI.3x1IndifferenceCur
7、vesx2WP(x),thesetofxbundlesweaklypreferredtox.WP(x)includesI(x)I(x).x1IndifferenceCurvesx2SP(x),thesetofxbundlesstrictlypreferredtox,doesnotincludeI(x)I(x).x1IndifferenceCurvesCannotIntersect!(不相交!)xx2I2FromIFromI1,x,x∼∼y.FromIy.FromI2,x,x∼∼z.z.II1ThereforeyThereforey∼∼z
8、.z.xxyyzzxx1IndifferenceCurvesCannotIntersectxx2I2FromIFromI1,x,x∼∼y.FromIy.FromI2,x,x∼∼z.z.II1Therefor
