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1、生物多样性 1997,5(4):251～256CHINESEBIODIVERSITYX短柄五加开花及传粉生物学研究1121XX王仲礼 刘林德 田国伟 申家恒1(烟台师范学院生物系, 烟台 264025)2(哈尔滨师范大学生物系, 哈尔滨 150080)摘 要 本文对短柄五加(Eleutherococcusbrachypus)的花期物候、开花式样、访花昆虫种类、访花行为及访花频率进行了观察,对花粉活力、柱头可授性、花粉胚珠比以及传粉效果和繁育系统做了检测。初步结果表明,短柄五加以根茎进行无性繁殖,1个居群为1个无性系。虽自交亲和,但昆虫的访花活动可显著提
2、高座果率。昆虫传粉主要在无性系内异花间进行,属于广义的自花传粉。传粉者为多种不同的昆虫,包括马蜂和胡蜂在内的蜂类、蝇类和甲虫。其花期物候、花粉活力、柱头可授期和蜜汁分泌期等特征使其能够适应环境,从而获得较高的座果率。平均座果率为65%,饱满种子率为45.5%。自然条件下未发现实生苗,广义的自花传粉导致的种子质量低下可能是其原因,也是限制短柄五加分布范围的重要因素。关键词 短柄五加,开花,传粉生物学,访花昆虫,繁育系统1)1)FloweringandpollinationbiologyofEleutherococcusbrachypus/WangZhon
3、gli,LiuLinde,Tian2)1)Guowei,ShenJiaheng//CHINESEBIODIVERSITY.—1997,5(4):251～256Theauthorsnotonlyobservedfloweringphenology,floweringpattern,speciesofvisitinginsects,visitationrateofpollinatorsandtheirforagingbehavior,butalsostudiedpollenviability,stigmareceptivity,pollen2ovulera
4、tio,effectofinsectpollinationandbreedingsystem.TheresultsindicatedthatEleutherococcusbrachypuswasintheprogressofvegetativepropagationandapopulationwasaclone.Agivenflowerkeptopenforabouttwodays,butsuccessivebloomoftheflowersinapopulationlengtheneditsflorescenceforabout20days.Thep
5、ollen2ovuleratio(P/O)wasabout2500～3200.OnthefirstdaywhenEleutherococcusbrachypuswasinbloom,thepollengrainsshed.Theviabilityofpolenwasover90%anditlastedforoverfivedays.Thestig2mahasareceptivityof10daysorso.Nectarsecretionstartedonthefirstdayandcontinuedforabout10days.Althoughitwa
6、sphysiologicallyself2compatible,pollinatorvisitationcouldhighlyenhancefruitset.Theinvec2torschieflyvisitedbetween1200and1400hours.Insectspollinatedmainlyamongdifferentflowersofthesameclone,which,inabroadsense,belongedtoself2pollination.Pollinatorswerediversesmallinsectssuchassma
7、llbees,wasps,fliesandbeetles.Artificialpollinationexperimentsshowedthatundernaturalcondition,thenumberofpollenonthestigmawasinadequate.Eleutherococcusbrachypusadaptedtothehabitatbysuchcharacteristicsasitsfloweringseason,highpollenviability,longtimestigmareceptivityandnectarsecre
8、tionduration,thusitshigherfruitsetproduced.Thea
