lect 1 overview of computational perception and scene analysis

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1、2011-2-21ComputationalperceptionandSceneAnalysisWuXihong吴玺宏wxh@cis.pku.edu.cn计算机科学和电子工程智能科学¢智能？意识？¢计算机科学¢Humanoidrobot¢计算机体系结构¢感知环境–数据¢系统软件¢获取信息–信息¢计算机信息处理¢知识提取–知识¢电子工程¢世界知识–本体¢信号处理¢逻辑推断–推理¢通信¢交流–语音、语言¢应用¢环境感知、知识挖掘、对话聊天Perception与其他课程的关系¢相关课程¢图像处理Definition:¢计算机视觉Theproc

2、essofacquiringknowledge¢语音识别abtbouteioetloenvironmentalobjebjetdeetctsandevents¢自然语言处理byextractinginformationfromthelight¢模式识别orsoundtheyemitorreflect.¢机器学习¢知识工程¢做什么？怎样做？12011-2-21WhatproblemsarecommontoallComputingsystems?HoraceBarlow(1961):Awingwouldbeamostmystifyingst

3、ructureifonedidnotknowthatbirdsflew.DecomposingNaturalPerceptualSensingBehavior•Optimalcoding•Dynamicrange•MaximizingMaximizingsignaltonoisesignaltonoiseOrientingPerceiving•Perceptualinference•Soundlocalization•Surfaceperception•Visualpop-out•Shapeandstructure•Eye/bodymo

4、vements•RtRoomacoustiics•Attentionshift•Soundstructure•Perceptualinvariance22011-2-21SearchingSeparating•Exploratoryperception•Auditorystreamsegmentation•Visualsearch•Visualgroupingandsegmentation•Eyemovements•Figuregroundorganization•PerceptualinterpolationIdentifyingMe

5、thodology•Science:ethology,psychology,psychophysics•Perceivingobjectspropertiesandparts•Theory:modeling,idealization•Objectandsoundrecognition•Engineering:computation,Engineering:computation,algorithms•DigitalImageProcessing•SpeechSignalProcessingMarrianFrameworkTheory,M

6、odelandAlgorithmMarrianframeworkforunderstandingcomplex•Solvingtherightprobleminformationprocessingsystems(Marr,1982)•Computationaltheory•Appropriatelevelofabstraction•Goalsofcomputation,appropriatenessofthegoal,•Modelscopeandlimitationsgeneralstrategies•Representation/A

7、lgorithm•Relevantalgorithms•Howtorepresenttheinputandtheoutput•Algorithmsfortransformingfromonerepresentationtoanother•Implementation•Howcantherepresentationandalgorithmberealizedphysically(architecture,hardware)?32011-2-21WhatarethecomputationalTheory,ModelandAlgorithmp

8、rinciplesofperceptualsystems?¢Atheoryisanintegratedsetofstatements(calledhypotheses)aboutunderlyingmech