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2、uttheRomanworldthatappliedneithertoGreecenorperhapstoanyothercivilization,ancientormodern.LikethestoneofRomanwall,whichwereheldtogetherbothbytheregularityofthedesignandbythatpeculiarlypowerfulRomancement,sothevariouspartsoftheRomanrealmwerebondedintoamassi
3、ve,monolithicentitybyphysical,organizational,andpsychologicalcontrols.Thephysicalbondsincludedthenetworkofmilitarygarrisons,whichwerestationedineveryprovince,andthenetworkofstone-builtroadsthatlinkedtheprovinceswithRome.Theorganizationalbondswerebasedonthe
4、commonprinciplesoflawandadministrationandontheuniversalarmyofofficialswhoenforcedcommonstandardsofconduct.Thepsychologicalcontrolswerebuiltonfearandpunishment—ontheabsolutecertaintythatanyoneoranythingthatthreatenedtheauthorityofRomewouldbeutterlydestroyed
5、.ThesourceofRomanobsessionwithunityandcohesionmaywellhavelaininthepatternofRome’searlydevelopment.WhereasGreecehadgrownfromscoresofscatteredcities,Romegrewfromonesingleorganism.WhiletheGreekworldhadexpandedalongtheMediterraneanseaslanes,theRomanworldwasass
6、embledbyterritorialconquest.Ofcourse,thecontrastisnotquitesostark:inAlexandertheGreattheGreekshadfoundthegreatestterritorialconquerorofalltime;andtheRomans,oncetheymovedoutsideItaly,didnotfailtolearnthelessonsofseapower.Yettheessentialdifferenceisundeniabl
7、e.ThekeytotheGreekworldlayinitshigh-poweredships;thekeytoRomanpowerlayinitsmarchinglegions.TheGreekswereweddedtothesea;theRomans,totheland.TheGreekwasasailoratheart;theRoman,alandsman.Certainly,intryingtoexplaintheRomanphenomenon,onewouldhavetoplacegreatem
8、phasisonthisalmostinstinctfortheterritorialimperative.Romanprioritieslayintheorganization,exploitation,anddefenseoftheirterritory.InallprobabilityitwasthefertileplainofLatium,wheretheLatinswhofoundedRomeorigi