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1、chapteroneOverviewofpressurevesselsContents1.1Introduction.................................................................................................1.2Developmentofpressurevesselconstructioncodes...........................References..........................
2、...................................................................................1.1IntroductionVessels,tanks,andpipelinesthatcarry,store,orreceivefluidsarecalledpressurevessels.Apressurevesselisdefinedasacontainerwithapressuredifferentialbetweeninsideandoutside.Th
3、einsidepressureisusuallyhigherthantheoutside,exceptforsomeisolatedsituations.Thefluidinsidethevesselmayundergoachangeinstateasinthecaseofsteamboilers,ormaycombinewithotherreagentsasinthecaseofachemicalreactor.Pressurevesselsoftenhaveacombinationofhighpressurestogeth
4、erwithhightemperatures,andinsomecasesflammablefluidsorhighlyradio-activematerials.Becauseofsuchhazardsitisimperativethatthedesignbesuchthatnoleakagecanoccur.Inadditionthesevesselshavetobedesignedcarefullytocopewiththeoperatingtemperatureandpressure.Itshouldbeborneinm
5、indthattheruptureofapressurevesselhasapotentialtocauseextensivephysicalinjuryandpropertydamage.Plantsafetyandintegrityareoffundamentalconcerninpressurevesseldesignandtheseofcoursedependontheadequacyofdesigncodes.Whendiscussingpressurevesselswemustalsoconsidertanks.
6、Pressurevesselsandtanksaresignificantlydifferentinbothdesignandconstruction:tanks,unlikepressurevessels,arelimitedtoatmosphericpressure;andpressurevesselsoftenhaveinternalswhilemosttanksdonot(andthosethatdoarelimitedtoheatingcoilsormixers).Copyright2005byCRCPress,In
7、c.AllRightsReserved.Pressurevesselsareusedinanumberofindustries;forexample,thepowergenerationindustryforfossilandnuclearpower,thepetrochemicalindustryforstoringandprocessingcrudepetroleumoilintankfarmsaswellasstoringgasolineinservicestations,andthechemicalindustry(
8、inchemicalreactors)tonamebutafew.Theirusehasexpandedthroughouttheworld.Pressurevesselsandtanksare,infact,essentialtothechemical,petroleum,petroch
