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1、Meteorology75and/orlife.Itshouldbedistributedonthewindwardsideofthevessel,inanamountsufficienttoreducetheimmediatehazards.Spreadingvegetableoranimaloilonheavyseaswillpreventwavecrestsfrombreakingoverthevesselbutwillhavelittleornoeffectontheswellwavesaboutthehullarea.Theuseofm
2、ineraloilsshouldbeavoided,especiallyifpeopleareinthewater.Lubricatingoilsareapossiblealternativebutheavyfueloilsshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.Theoilmaybespreadviathehawsepipesforwardorbythescuppersand/ortoiletoverboarddischarges.Distributionviathehawsepipesisparticularlyusefultoa
3、nyvesselengagedinatowingoperation,fornotonlywillthetowgainthebenefitoftheoilbutalsothevesseltowing.Smallercraft,suchasfishingboatsandsupplyvessels,mayneedtouseoilinordertopreventtheseawavesbreakingoverthevesseland‘icing-up’takingplaceinthecolderlatitudes.Oilmayrequirewarmingo
4、rthinningdowninverycoldclimates,andasuitablespiritmayassistitsflowanddistribution.Shouldadecisionbetakentouseoil,thenonlyenoughtoachievetheobjectiveshouldbeemployed.Itshouldberememberedthatlargewaveswhichbreakandsurfwilleffectivelyreduceanddestroytheoilfilm.UseofAnchorsOneoft
5、hegreatestfearsofanyMasteristhatofbeingblowndownontoaleeshore.Manyshipwreckscausedinthiswaycouldhavebeenavoidedbyanchoringindeepwater,say25–50fathoms.Ifthevesselisinshallowwater,considerationshouldbegiventotheuseoftwoanchors,andtheexpectedstrainoncable(s).Manyvesselsfounderon
6、aleeshorebecausetheybecomedisabled,lossofpowerresultinginsubsequentgrounding,orinsufficientpowerpreventingthemfrom‘beatingout’toseaward.Theprocessofanchoringwithorwithoutenginepowerwillreducetherateofthevessel’sdrifttoleeward.Thepossibilityoftheanchorsholdingisarealone.Evenif
7、groundingisnotprevented,thenrefloatingmayverywellbeassistedbyheavingoncables.UseofSeaAnchorsTheideaofrigginganefficientseaanchortokeepthevesselheadtowindisfeasibleforasmallvessel,ifaseaanchorcanbeconstructedeasily,butitisdoubtfulifanyMasterofasupertankerorevenjustalargevessel
8、wouldconsidertheidea.Tobeeffective,theseaanchorwouldhavetobeofanunma
