【航海技术】_部分4

【航海技术】_部分4

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时间:2019-02-26

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1、Meteorology75and/orlife.Itshouldbedistributedonthewindwardsideofthevessel,inanamountsufficienttoreducetheimmediatehazards.Spreadingvegetableoranimaloilonheavyseaswillpreventwavecrestsfrombreakingoverthevesselbutwillhavelittleornoeffectontheswellwavesaboutthehullarea.Theuseofm

2、ineraloilsshouldbeavoided,especiallyifpeopleareinthewater.Lubricatingoilsareapossiblealternativebutheavyfueloilsshouldbeavoidedatallcosts.Theoilmaybespreadviathehawsepipesforwardorbythescuppersand/ortoiletoverboarddischarges.Distributionviathehawsepipesisparticularlyusefultoa

3、nyvesselengagedinatowingoperation,fornotonlywillthetowgainthebenefitoftheoilbutalsothevesseltowing.Smallercraft,suchasfishingboatsandsupplyvessels,mayneedtouseoilinordertopreventtheseawavesbreakingoverthevesseland‘icing-up’takingplaceinthecolderlatitudes.Oilmayrequirewarmingo

4、rthinningdowninverycoldclimates,andasuitablespiritmayassistitsflowanddistribution.Shouldadecisionbetakentouseoil,thenonlyenoughtoachievetheobjectiveshouldbeemployed.Itshouldberememberedthatlargewaveswhichbreakandsurfwilleffectivelyreduceanddestroytheoilfilm.UseofAnchorsOneoft

5、hegreatestfearsofanyMasteristhatofbeingblowndownontoaleeshore.Manyshipwreckscausedinthiswaycouldhavebeenavoidedbyanchoringindeepwater,say25–50fathoms.Ifthevesselisinshallowwater,considerationshouldbegiventotheuseoftwoanchors,andtheexpectedstrainoncable(s).Manyvesselsfounderon

6、aleeshorebecausetheybecomedisabled,lossofpowerresultinginsubsequentgrounding,orinsufficientpowerpreventingthemfrom‘beatingout’toseaward.Theprocessofanchoringwithorwithoutenginepowerwillreducetherateofthevessel’sdrifttoleeward.Thepossibilityoftheanchorsholdingisarealone.Evenif

7、groundingisnotprevented,thenrefloatingmayverywellbeassistedbyheavingoncables.UseofSeaAnchorsTheideaofrigginganefficientseaanchortokeepthevesselheadtowindisfeasibleforasmallvessel,ifaseaanchorcanbeconstructedeasily,butitisdoubtfulifanyMasterofasupertankerorevenjustalargevessel

8、wouldconsidertheidea.Tobeeffective,theseaanchorwouldhavetobeofanunma

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