2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)

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2014考研真题及答案解析SectionIUseofLanguageDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(S)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse. 1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5ABDCA6-10ACBDC11-15DABAD 16-20BDCCB1.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析]本题考查连词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除[B][C][D]。这句话中where引导一个状语语从句，主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。2.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和动词辨析[选项分析]Asthebrain2werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments这句话的意思是“由于大脑2我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆”，由此可以排除[A]和[C]。[D]collapse意为：使倒塌，使崩溃，不符合题意。fades考察熟词僻意，通常意思为褪色，逝去。还有衰老的意思，这里就考察是衰老的意思。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，大脑衰老。所以选[B]3.[标准答案][D][考点分析]逻辑衔接题[选项分析][A]if表示假设“如果”。[B]Unless“除非，如果不”。[C]Once“一旦”。[D]While，“虽然，然而”表转折。这句话的意思是虽然表面上看起来没什么，但是危害很大，前后位转折关系，所以选D。4.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为形容词，[A]表示“不均匀”，[B]表示“有限的”，[C]表示“有破坏性的，损坏的”，[D]表示“模糊的，晦涩的”。这句话意思是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们带来……的影响。根据上下文的意思，可以排除[A]和[D]。而“有限的影响”显然不足以表达危害的严重性，故可以排除[B]选项。[C]“带来有害的影响”最符合作者意图。5.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析 [选项分析]本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有个人……带来有害的影响。[A]wellbeing“幸福”。[B]environment“环境”。[C]relationship“关系”。[D]outlook“展望”。and连接若干名词，这些名词应该为同一类，职业、社交都是和个人相关，排除[B]和[D]，[C]personalrelationship就是social的意思，不能重复，选择[A]，个人幸福。6.[标准答案][A][考点分析]固定搭配[选项分析][A]itturnsoutthat“原来，其实”。[B]itfindsoutthat“本文发现”。[C]itpointsoutthat“指出”。[D]itfiguresoutthat“本文发现”。It代表神经科学，这句话的意思是越来越多的精神学家们都表示，大脑其实跟肌肉一样需要练习运动。这里给出的是神经科学的结论，因此选择itturnsoutthat7.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]roundabouts迂回路线。[B]responses回应。[C]workouts锻炼，练习。[D]associations协会。[C]workouts锻炼，练习与前文出现的exercise都有“锻炼，练习”的意思，近义词复现，所以选[C]8.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]genre类型，种类。[B]functions功能。[C]circumstances情况，环境。[D]criterion批评判断的标准、准则。这句话的意思是正确的智力运动能极大地提高我们最基本的认知功能，根据语义，选择[B]functions功能。9.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A] channel通道，频道。[B]condition条件。[C]sequence顺序，序列。[D]process过程，步骤。根据常识，思考是一个过程，并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成，其他选项表示渠道、序列、条件，均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的[D]选项。这句话的意思是思考是大脑神经连接必要的过程。10.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和动词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为动词。[A]persist坚持。[B]believe相信。[C]excel超过。[D]feature特色。本句句意，在某种程度来讲，我们在进行神经连接(直接影响人的聪明程度)方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。excel有超过擅长的意思，表示在某个方面出众，放在此处符合题意，因此正确答案为[B]。11.[标准答案][D][考点分析]逻辑衔接题[选项分析]本题需要的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的(inherited)，而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mentaleffort)会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为[D]However。12.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和短语辨析[选项分析]本题并不难，可以理解为：智力可以……脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。[B]regardlessof“不管，不顾”不合逻辑。[C]apartfrom“除……之外”也不合适。[D]insteadof“代替”明显不符。故[A]为正确答案。13.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和固定搭配[选项分析]本题考察的是固定搭配：takeastep……，能搭配只有A和C，分别指“采取进一步措施”和“让到一边去”，无论从逻辑上还是从句意上都是A符合。14.[标准答案][A] [考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]本题考察的是动宾搭配：improveandregainsb’smental……，再根据前文一直在讲如何提高“智力”，因此可以排除A(模式)和B(稳定性)，C(灵活性)和D(锋利性，尖锐性)容易混淆，C有一定的干扰性，但双比之下，D更契合前文，故选D。15.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以_____系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与to进行搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除A,B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法，感情色彩是中性的，此处的D选项force排除，所以最恰当的是D。16.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和固定搭配[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还可以_____学习进度，并且给予详尽的信息反馈。根据语境，空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度，分析四个选项，直接排除Ahold,Corder;辨析B,D两个选项，与D选项的pace搭配的介词应该为with，即，keeppacewith，所以排除，B选项为正确答案，keeptrackof意思为跟踪。17.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和介词[选项分析]本题考查介词，根据空格前后语境，空格所缺少的介词意义为关于你的表现作出详细的反馈，四个选项中只有D有关于的意思。18.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析] 空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是，它会_____调整并升级有关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境，所用词汇均为褒义词，所以，从感情色彩方面可以排除A，B习惯性的主语应该为人，直接排除。B经常的，D异乎寻常的代入，发现C比较符合题意。19.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以促进脑力的不断____。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加；Bcarryon执行；Cbuildon在……基础上增加，构建；Dtakeon呈现；代入空格发现只有C适合，A,B,D都不与空格后面的development相搭配。20.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰exerciseroutine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关键词increase寺和varyyourmuscleuse等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇，直接排除A和B，D是中性，只有C(有效的)符合逻辑，故为正确答案。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,D.MarkyourchoiceonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOrbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork, notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at?71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU. 真题解析：文章概括：政府大臣GrorgeOsbome提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.答案：B细节题。本道题的关键是intendedto问的是目的，所以我们也应该去寻找体现目的性的词汇，所以在首段首句看到了inorderto,则后面的内容即为本题答案，结合后面找工作的内容则选择B选项。22.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.答案：C词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，tosignon前面有一个很明显的not，则我们可以推知，这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前面半部分就可以了，前面说应该spendlookingforwork，正好和A选项相符，所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可，则选择C选项。23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers. 答案:A细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的prompted和chancellor，根据chancellor能定位到二段第五行，再向下寻找则可发现motivate和prompt是对应的，所以看本句即可发现和A选项是对应的。24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]uneasy.[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.答案:A细节题。本道题根据unemployed回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，没有感觉相关内容，所以需要向前找答案，再根据本段第一句话中的losingajob即可判定答案在第二句，因此选择A选项。另我们会发现BCD三个选项趋于强烈和负面，所以，我们选择A选项。25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.答案:B细节题。本题题根据选项定位。A选项根据大写字母TheBritishwelfaresystem定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是“nolonger”，选项与原文反向干扰。B选项根据Osborne’sreforms定位到第一段第二句，可以得出该项目可减少失业危险，所以B为正确答案。C选项根据题干“thejobseekers’allowance”定位到最后一段倒数第二句，该句提到“nofundamentalright”，恰与C选项表意相反，所以C是反向干扰。D选项根据题干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…”，并没有要说以后应该怎样，所以属于无中生有。Text2 Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandto employprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.答案：D。该题是因果细节题，考察细节。首先，根据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再精确定位，题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”，回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.”与题干有重合之处，选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意，第一段的But是个假转折词，并非答案处。27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.答案：C。该题是细节题，考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次，根据题干关键词“thecostsoflegaleducation”精确定位到第三段第二句话“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.”问题是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsome unrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.”分析选项可知，选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.答案：B。该题是原因细节题，问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次，根据题干关键词“thereformofthelegalsystem”定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.”选项B即为该句的同义替换。29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.答案：A。该题为因果细节题，问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次，题干中出现“theguild-likeownershipstructure”，精确定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovation slow.”此外，在该段最后一句提到“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.”从而可以得出答案选A。30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.答案：C。该题为文章主旨题，考察文章中心。该篇文章属于问题解决型文章，前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题，最后一段提出了解决措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.”。因此，该篇属于问题解决型文章，选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节，以偏概全。Text3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycould cementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.真题解析：文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，如果对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳！与2013年相比，2014考研阅读文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了2013年3月份的一次实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2013年基础物理学奖！所以2015考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景知识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果！ 文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买的。当然这一系列的东西，在前三段当中谈到之后，到了最后一段，作者表明他的观点，纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵，存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于科学家来说，有人给你钱支持你的研究，终归是好的。也就是说从31到35题基本上没有难题，也没有可以去争议的，也是既所得的文章。31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’swealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.答案：A为细节题。根据题干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了，所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位，分别根据选项中的entrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、reward去定位，在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子，则判定A选项正确。32.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewaward.[C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.答案：B为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段，可知第二段没有出题，从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项，whohavemadetheircareersinresearch即为B选项中的Thefounders。33.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme? [A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.答案：D为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题，但题目中说道thecaseinvolves即问例子本身，所以为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgsboson，定位到本句可以得知natureofmodernresearch---aswellasdemonstratedby……即为本道题正确答案。34.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.答案：A为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中提示信息非常少，所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑，B选项和原文不符，可以得知答案为A。35.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.答案：A为主旨题。本题属于作者观点，出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文章的主旨，因为还有一个段落对应，则我们可以在最后一段找答案，根据题干中的award我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点，故选A。 Text4“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,withDukeUniversityPresidentRichardBrodheadandretiredExelonCEOJohnRoweasco-chairmen.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms. Oneofthemorenovelideasinthereportisthecreationofa"CultureCorps"incitiesandtownacrossAmericato"transmithumanisticandsocialscientificexpertisefromonegenerationtothenext."Unfortunately,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesfordisseminating"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarkets,self-relianceandadistrustofcentralplanning—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.Yetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatcongressaskedittoilluminate.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?[A]Critical[B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant本篇文章选自华尔街日报。主要讲的是非自由教育以及”问题核心”这个报告。 答案解析：36.选A，该题是细节态度题。并非考察全文的态度，也就是说要细节定位。根据题干定位原则，定位第一段AAAS出现之处，并且一定要找到表示评价的部分。该题迷惑性很强，因为文章在AAAS后面就又”praise”所以容易误导大家选择答案B“appreciative(欣赏的)”，但是我们应该看到有however，我们知道如果第一段出现转折，那此转折一定跟主旨有关。同时各个题都与主旨相关，所以这道题应该于主旨相关，后文中的“maycausemoreharmthangood.”让我们知道它的还多余利，所以答案选择A，批判性的。37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto[A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation[B]definethegovernment’sroleineducation[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation[D]safeguardindividualsrightstoeducation37，选C，细节题。根据自然段定位原则，36题在第一段出题，38题在第三段出题，那37题在第二段出题的可能性就很大。同时题干定位”InfluentialfiguresintheCongress”与“leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicans”同义替换。定位的答案是askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateand…..,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“Inhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“也就是说答案重点在maintainnationalexcellence刚好与选项C中的leadingposition进行同义替换。ABD与文章不符合。38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects [C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages38，选C，推理题。Suggest是推理题的标志。先化选项关键词，发现选项A是讲Americanhistory选项B；是讲theoreticalsubjects；选项C]emergingtechnologies；选项Dfundingforeignlanguages。返回原文定位的时候，A选项中的“exclusive排外”并没有在“stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;”这句话中体现。B选项中的理论学科没有定位点。D选项与原文“increasedfundingforteachers”以及“greaterstudyofforeignlanguages,”不符。属于张冠李戴。“encouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.”与选项C同义替换。39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraphSthatprofessorsare[A]supportiveoffreemarkets[B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation[C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy[D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas39题选B，属于推理题。Implies是推理题的标志。同时根据提题干定位第五段，找professor.“professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarkets,self-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.”A选项中的freemarkets前面的修饰词语是conservativeorliberalideas没有体现A选项中的supportive。C选项中的conservative与文中progressivepublicpolicy不符合。D选项中biased没有体现，故排除。所以选B。40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter”[B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter” [C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEducation[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducation40.题选择B。主旨大意题。先看其他题题干，我们锁定关键词是report，而report就是“theheartofthematter“故排除C和D.而我们看A发现文章并没有讲如何抓住“问题核心”的各个方法。排除A，选择BPartBDirections：Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizeintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,fellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.[B]Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsRenemillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymappingtheentirecityofTeotihuacaninthevalleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.atitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheword.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.[C]Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhere excavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.[D]Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopán,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillageandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopáncollapsed.[E]Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbonetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.[F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamumexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEyancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingforthingengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evas’sinterpretationsofthoseengravingseventuallyledthemtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossosontheislandofCrete,in1900.[G]Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountsofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasground radar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetector.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.41---A---42.---E---43---44---45解析：本文选自发表于2003年TheInternationalHistoryProject的文章，题目为Archeology.41.此题是首段，所以需要找寻综述性的段落。其中A和E选项是给出的，所以只需从余下选项进行选择。B选项中有another，所以不会是第一段。E选项中代词their没有指代对象。F中有however,也不会是第一段。因此，只留下C和D选项。在C选项最后一句提到survey和testsample也很重要。而在D选项开头就提到了survey,而且整段都是，由此可看出D是对C的分述。所以C是首段。42.此题排在A项之后，所以内容上应该是衔接的。A项主要谈论的是大部分考古地点是通过仔细搜寻之后找到的，而其他的很多是被偶然发现的，接着举了一些例子。接下来在看各段首句的时候，发现F项中提到大部分考古地点是被考古学家们特意寻找发现的，和A提到的偶然发现意思相反，所以F正确。43.此题排在E项之后。E选项最后一句提到天空的搜寻，而在G选项的开头提到地面搜寻，正好形成对应，所以为正确答案。44.此时，只留下B和D选项。其中B选项开头提到了inanothercase,所以前面一段一定要提到inonecase,而D选项中有inonecase.所以，D选项在前。45.根据上面的分析，此题只能选B。PartCDirections: ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.ThiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerights andresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.Beethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatplagueourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.50)OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.46.Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为itisthereason，why引导定语从句，修饰thereason。定语从句的主干是allwecandoisarticulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself，其表语是不定式短语，由于主语中含有do，不定式符号to省略：articulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself。ourreactions之后toit为其定语，it指代music。定语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，翻译时可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么….。②定语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，其中withwords做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其修饰的todescribe之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。定语从句的主干顺译即可，其中reaction根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语toit在表达时前置，it指代还原为“音乐”，则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的，就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。and之后，grasp依据语境，需要翻译为“理解”。【译文总结】这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。 47.Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.【句型分析】本句为并列句。第一个分句hewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone，句首byallaccounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各方面说”。第二个分句的主干为Ifindcourageanessentialquality，其中宾语为courage，而anessentialquality是宾语补足语。quality后介词短语fortheunderstandingofhiswork为其定语，其中还包含一个插入结构letalonetheperformance。【翻译要点】①第一个分句结构比较简单，句首固定搭配byallaccounts，可以调整表达，翻译为“据大家所说”。主干顺译即可，其中he指代“贝多芬”，one指代person。这一部分可以翻译为“贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人”。②第二个分句，主干为“我发现勇气是一个关键品质”，quality后为其定语fortheunderstandingofhiswork，其中theunderstandingofhiswork意思为“对于其作品的理解”，做词性转化后，可以表达为“理解其作品”，这个介词短语需要调整语序前置于quality，可以翻译为“理解他作品的关键品质”，则第二个分句可以表达为“我发现勇气，是理解他作品的关键品质”。还可以调整表达为“我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键”。③在定语fortheunderstandingofhiswork中的插入成分，在逻辑上letalone并列theunderstanding和theperformance，二者共用定语ofhisworks，顺译句末即可：更不必说是演出其作品的关键品质。【译文总结】人们普遍认为，他（贝多芬）是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。48.Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.【句型分析】本句主干为Beethoven’shabitwasusedbycomposersbeforehim。本句的谓语为被动语态，主语habit后介词短语ofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoft passage为其定语，是由介词of与and并列的两个动名词短语increasingthevolumewithanextremeintensity和thenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage构成。【翻译要点】①本句主干较为简单，但是主语habit后有很长的后置定语：Habitofincreasingthevolume…，其中“habit”可以词性转换为动词“习惯”，而中文常常先表达次要信息，则这一部分可以翻译一句话“贝多芬习惯增加…”，置于句首。第一个动名词短语中，withanextremeintensity为状语，表达时需调整语序到其修饰的increasingthevolume前，根据语境，volume意思为“音量”，则increasing可以翻译为“增高”。这一部分可以翻译为“最大限度来逐渐增高音量”。第二个动名词短语thenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage，状语withasuddensoftpassage需调整到followingit前表达，其中passage根据语境，意思为“乐段”。则这一部分可以表达为“然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。整合本句主语与其定语，可以翻译为“贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。②本句主干意思为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用贝多芬的习惯”。中文语义重心在后，将本部分翻译在句末即可。由于前句译文已经提到这种习惯，则这部分可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种习惯”，结合语境还可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式”，或者“在他之前，只有极个别作曲家会使用这种方式”。【译文总结】贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.【句型分析】本句为完全倒装，主句的主干是hisviewoffreedomwasEspeciallysignificant。hisviewoffreedom后为which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰freedom，关系代词which在定语从句中作主语。oftheindividual修饰therightsandresponsibilities，冒号后进行解释说明。 【翻译要点】①本句主干为完全倒装，但是在翻译时，顺译即可，其中his指代“贝多芬的”，主干可以表达为：尤为重要的是，他（贝多芬）对于自由的看法….。②which引导英语从句，修饰freedom，表达时翻译成另一句话“对于他而言，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的”，其中forhim还可以调整表达为“他认为”。③冒号后进行解释，可以翻译为：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。【译文总结】尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。50.OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.【句型分析】本句主句主干为OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethoven，之后bysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving为状语，修饰interpret。其中that引导宾语从句sufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving，为saying的宾语，宾语从句中it指代suffering。【翻译要点】①本句主语one，可以翻译为“人们”或者“我们”。主干可以翻译为“我们可以解释贝多芬的大部分作品”。②主干之后的状语，可以翻译为“通过说痛苦是无法避免的，但是与之相抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。”③整合主干，可以表达为“我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。”【译文总结】我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。SectionIIIWritingPartA 51.Directions:Writealetterofabout100wordstothepresidentofyouruniversity,suggestinghowtoimprovestudents’physicalcondition.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)2014英语一小作文真题解析今年小作文不出预料，再一次考到了建议信。在我们英语一的考试当中，建议信已经反复考过三次，分别是2007年，2009年和2012年。因此，考生要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。今年考题的Direction要求就学校课程给校长提建议。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。称呼：DearMr.President,注意称呼中，所有实词首字母全部大写，DearMr.President后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。正文第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明建议；赞扬在前，建议在后。文章开头开门见山的表明了写信目的，用到了这样的表达Itismygreathonortowritetoyou.第二句赞扬在前，建议在后。文中用到了这样的表达AsfarasIamconcerned,wehaveenoughextraordinarylecturesandwhatweneednowisphysicalexercise.第二段：写作内容为建议细节。首先，希望学校能够安排更多的体育课程；其次，希望学校能够制定固定的时间表来保证课外活动的时间。再次，希望全体教员也能参与其中。第三段：写作内容为寄予期待，表示感谢。注意语气真挚礼貌。落款：Yourssincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢； 签名：LiMing特别注意Ming后面一定不能出现句点。参考范文如下：DearMr.President,Itismygreathonortowritetoyou.AsfarasIamconcerned,wehaveenoughextraordinarylecturesandwhatweneednowisphysicalexercise.SincemostofthetimeisspentinwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames,ourphysicalconditionsarenotgoodenough.istillhavesomesuggestionsforyou.Tobeginwith,ouruniversityshouldarrangemorePEclasses.Tocontinue,weshouldhaveafixedscheduleforacertaintimeofoutdooractivity.Whatismore,teachingfacultyshouldbeinvolvedinthesamekindofphysicalexercise.Ihopethatouruniversitycouldtaketheresponsibilityforourstudents’physicalhealth.Iwillbehighlygratefulifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoaccount.Yourssincerely,LiMingPartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)解析： 2014年的大作文从总体上来看不难，因为它考查到了现在的一个社会热点。而且从十年的考研真题来讲，2005年的大作文考查到的是赡养老人的问题，当年的图画是可怜的老父亲缩成了一只皮球，四个儿女守着四个球门，老人被儿女们踢来踢去。当年全国考生平均分10.88分，难度系数0.544，区分度为0.64764。当年的描述图画部分比较难表达，而今年图画描述部分相比起来就容易得多。下面我们就从写作的标准三段式来讲讲这三段我们应该怎么写。第一段图画描述段的写作内容主要是表述图画，需包括两点：三十年前是个什么样子，现在是什么样子。三十年前“我”还是个孩子，母亲大手拉小手陪伴着我成长；现在，母亲上年纪了，我快乐地陪伴在母亲的身旁。其实第一段还有两2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考过试英语（一）试题跨考教育英语教研室SectionIUseofLanguageDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(S)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10Points)Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments."3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(an)4impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort. Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto19onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping--muchlikea(n)20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing[B]environment[C]relationship[D]outlook6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]circumstances[D]criterion9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace 17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar答案：1-5ABDCA6-10ACBDC11-15DABAD16-20BDCCB1.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析]本题考查连词。根据上下文意思，首先可以排除[B][C][D]。这句话中where引导一个状语语从句，主要是说记不清把钥匙放在哪里了。2.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和动词辨析[选项分析]Asthebrain2werefertotheseoccurrencesas"seniormoments这句话的意思是“由于大脑2我们称这些现象为“瞬间性老年痴呆”，由此可以排除[A]和[C]。[D]collapse意为：使倒塌，使崩溃，不符合题意。fades考察熟词僻意，通常意思为褪色，逝去。还有衰老的意思，这里就考察是衰老的意思。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，大脑衰老。所以选[B]3.[标准答案][D][考点分析]逻辑衔接题[选项分析][A]if表示假设“如果”。[B]Unless“除非，如果不”。[C]Once“一旦”。[D]While，“虽然，然而”表转折。这句话的意思是虽然表面上看起来没什么，但是危害很大，前后位转折关系，所以选D。4.[标准答案][C] [考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为形容词，[A]表示“不均匀”，[B]表示“有限的”，[C]表示“有破坏性的，损坏的”，[D]表示“模糊的，晦涩的”。这句话意思是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们带来……的影响。根据上下文的意思，可以排除[A]和[D]。而“有限的影响”显然不足以表达危害的严重性，故可以排除[B]选项。[C]“带来有害的影响”最符合作者意图。5.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]本句话含义是这种精神能量的缺失会给我们的职业、社交还有个人……带来有害的影响。[A]wellbeing“幸福”。[B]environment“环境”。[C]relationship“关系”。[D]outlook“展望”。and连接若干名词，这些名词应该为同一类，职业、社交都是和个人相关，排除[B]和[D]，[C]personalrelationship就是social的意思，不能重复，选择[A]，个人幸福。6.[标准答案][A][考点分析]固定搭配[选项分析][A]itturnsoutthat“原来，其实”。[B]itfindsoutthat“本文发现”。[C]itpointsoutthat“指出”。[D]itfiguresoutthat“本文发现”。It代表神经科学，这句话的意思是越来越多的精神学家们都表示，大脑其实跟肌肉一样需要练习运动。这里给出的是神经科学的结论，因此选择itturnsoutthat7.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]roundabouts迂回路线。[B]responses回应。[C]workouts锻炼，练习。[D]associations协会。[C]workouts锻炼，练习与前文出现的exercise都有“锻炼，练习”的意思，近义词复现，所以选[C]8.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析 [选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]genre类型，种类。[B]functions功能。[C]circumstances情况，环境。[D]criterion批评判断的标准、准则。这句话的意思是正确的智力运动能极大地提高我们最基本的认知功能，根据语义，选择[B]functions功能。9.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和名词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为名词。[A]channel通道，频道。[B]condition条件。[C]sequence顺序，序列。[D]process过程，步骤。根据常识，思考是一个过程，并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成，其他选项表示渠道、序列、条件，均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的[D]选项。这句话的意思是思考是大脑神经连接必要的过程。10.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和动词辨析[选项分析]这四个选项均为动词。[A]persist坚持。[B]believe相信。[C]excel超过。[D]feature特色。本句句意，在某种程度来讲，我们在进行神经连接(直接影响人的聪明程度)方面的特殊能力是与生俱来的。excel有超过擅长的意思，表示在某个方面出众，放在此处符合题意，因此正确答案为[B]。11.[标准答案][D][考点分析]逻辑衔接题[选项分析]本题需要的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调的是智力是与生俱来的(inherited)，而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mentaleffort)会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为[D]However。12.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和短语辨析 [选项分析]本题并不难，可以理解为：智力可以……脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。[B]regardlessof“不管，不顾”不合逻辑。[C]apartfrom“除……之外”也不合适。[D]insteadof“代替”明显不符。故[A]为正确答案。13.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和固定搭配[选项分析]本题考察的是固定搭配：takeastep……，能搭配只有A和C，分别指“采取进一步措施”和“让到一边去”，无论从逻辑上还是从句意上都是A符合。14.[标准答案][A][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]本题考察的是动宾搭配：improveandregainsb’smental……，再根据前文一直在讲如何提高“智力”，因此可以排除A(模式)和B(稳定性)，C(灵活性)和D(锋利性，尖锐性)容易混淆，C有一定的干扰性，但双比之下，D更契合前文，故选D。15.[标准答案][D][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以_____系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与to进行搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除A,B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法，感情色彩是中性的，此处的D选项force排除，所以最恰当的是D。16.[标准答案][B][考点分析]上下文语义和固定搭配[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还可以_____学习进度，并且给予详尽的信息反馈。根据语境，空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度，分析四个选项，直接排除Ahold,Corder; 辨析B,D两个选项，与D选项的pace搭配的介词应该为with，即，keeppacewith，所以排除，B选项为正确答案，keeptrackof意思为跟踪。17.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和介词[选项分析]本题考查介词，根据空格前后语境，空格所缺少的介词意义为关于你的表现作出详细的反馈，四个选项中只有D有关于的意思。18.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是，它会_____调整并升级有关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境，所用词汇均为褒义词，所以，从感情色彩方面可以排除A，B习惯性的主语应该为人，直接排除。B经常的，D异乎寻常的代入，发现C比较符合题意。19.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以促进脑力的不断____。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词on搭配，Aputon穿上，增加；Bcarryon执行；Cbuildon在……基础上增加，构建；Dtakeon呈现；代入空格发现只有C适合，A,B,D都不与空格后面的development相搭配。20.[标准答案][C][考点分析]上下文语义和词汇辨析[选项分析]本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰exerciseroutine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关键词increase寺和varyyourmuscleuse等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇，直接排除A和B，D是中性，只有C(有效的)符合逻辑，故为正确答案。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartA Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,C,D.MarkyourchoiceonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inorderto“changelivesforthebetter”andreduce“dependency,”GeorgeOrbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,introducedthe“upfrontworksearch”scheme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCVregisterforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker’sallowance.“Thosefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon.”heclaimed.“We’redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplesayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster”Help?Really?Onfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith“reforms”toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsideslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor“fundamentalfairness”-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdeservingclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.Losingajobishurting:youdon’tskipdowntothejobcentrewithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;yousupportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.ButinOsborneland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodependency—permanentdependencyifyoucangetit—supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyour falsehood.Itisasthough20yearsofever-tougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappened.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucaninsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase“jobseeker’sallowance”—inventedin1996—isaboutredefiningtheunemployedasa“jobseeker”whohadnomandatoryrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited“allowance,”conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at?71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.真题解析：文章概括：政府大臣GrorgeOsbome提出了一个项目帮助失业的人找工作。21.GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.[B]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking.[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.[D]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.答案：B细节题。本道题的关键是intendedto问的是目的，所以我们也应该去寻找体现目的性的词汇，所以在首段首句看到了inorderto,则后面的内容即为本题答案，结合后面找工作的内容则选择B选项。22.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance.[C]toregisterforanallowancefromthegovernment.[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.答案：C词义句意题。先根据题干定位到第二段第三行，tosign on前面有一个很明显的not，则我们可以推知，这一定是前面的反义，我们只要读懂前面半部分就可以了，前面说应该spendlookingforwork，正好和A选项相符，所以我们只要选择一个相反的选项即可，则选择C选项。23.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.答案:A细节题。本道题的关键是题目中的prompted和chancellor，根据chancellor能定位到二段第五行，再向下寻找则可发现motivate和prompt是对应的，所以看本句即可发现和A选项是对应的。24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]uneasy.[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.答案:A细节题。本道题根据unemployed回到文中定位在第三段的最后一句，没有感觉相关内容，所以需要向前找答案，再根据本段第一句话中的losingajob即可判定答案在第二句，因此选择A选项。另我们会发现BCD三个选项趋于强烈和负面，所以，我们选择A选项。25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional. 答案:B细节题。本题题根据选项定位。A选项根据大写字母TheBritishwelfaresystem定位到最后一段的第三句，原文是“nolonger”，选项与原文反向干扰。B选项根据Osborne’sreforms定位到第一段第二句，可以得出该项目可减少失业危险，所以B为正确答案。C选项根据题干“thejobseekers’allowance”定位到最后一段倒数第二句，该句提到“nofundamentalright”，恰与C选项表意相反，所以C是反向干扰。D选项根据题干“conditional”定位到最后一段最后一句，其中只提到“conditionalonactivelyseekingajob…”，并没有要说以后应该怎样，所以属于无中生有。Text2Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession---withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestfor awould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.答案：D。该题是因果细节题，考察细节。首先，根据段落定位原则模糊定位，定位到前几段。其次，再精确定位，题干中有关键词“students”“law”“profession”，回到原文寻找相关信息。第一段未发现相关信息，然后到第二段看到“Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.”与题干有重合之处，选项D是该句的同义替换。A、B、C三个选项根据原文个别词汇“clients”“inflation”“big-firm”等进行干扰。注意，第一段的But是个假转折词，并非答案处。27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates? [A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.答案：C。该题是细节题，考察细节。首先根据段落定位原则定位到第三段。其次，根据题干关键词“thecostsoflegaleducation”精确定位到第三段第二句话“Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.”问题是“whichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducation”，因此定位句的下一句就是答案，即“ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsaccreditedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.”分析选项可知，选项C恰当概况了该句子的涵义。A选项利用三段末尾的“Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.”进行干扰。B选项无中生有。D选项根据四段最后一句出现的“training”个别词汇进行干扰。28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.答案：B。该题是原因细节题，问来源。首先段落定位原则定位到第四段。其次，根据题干关键词“thereformofthelegalsystem”定位到第二句“Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.”选项B即为该句的同义替换。29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit [A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.答案：A。该题为因果细节题，问原因。根据段落定位原则定位至倒数第二段。其次，题干中出现“theguild-likeownershipstructure”，精确定位到第二句“ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.”此外，在该段最后一句提到“…keepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.”从而可以得出答案选A。30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.答案：C。该题为文章主旨题，考察文章中心。该篇文章属于问题解决型文章，前5段均在说美国法律职业存在的问题，最后一段提出了解决措施“allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.”。因此，该篇属于问题解决型文章，选C。其他几个选项均为文中的个别细节，以偏概全。Text3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobel Prizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.What’snottolike?Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace. 真题解析：文章主题及背景知识：此篇阅读的主题内容为“基础物理学奖”，如果对于这一背景信息有所了解，这篇文章便可轻松看懂，做题更是十拿九稳！与2013年相比，2014考研阅读文章同样注重时效性，Text3便是反应了2013年3月份的一次实时事件：基础物理学基金会于3月20日晚在瑞士日内瓦揭晓了2013年基础物理学奖！所以2015考研的同学们一定要多多关注社会热点话题，拓展视野，丰富自己的文化背景知识，这样才能取得事半功倍的效果！文章讲到的是关于和诺贝尔奖一样的奖金丰厚的奖项出现，这些奖项就是由一些网络的公司或者是一些新贵们他们得出这样大量的钱，当然会遭出一些批评，这些奖项还是没法和诺贝尔奖相比的，阶级是没法改变的，名望是没法购买的。当然这一系列的东西，在前三段当中谈到之后，到了最后一段，作者表明他的观点，纵然这些对科学家的奖励在奖项上存在着一些瑕疵，存在着一些不合理的地方。但是对于科学家来说，有人给你钱支持你的研究，终归是好的。也就是说从31到35题基本上没有难题，也没有可以去争议的，也是既所得的文章。31.TheFundamentalPhysicalPrizeisseenas[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’swealth.[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrize.[C]anexampleofbankers’investment.[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.答案：A为细节题。根据题干中的FundamentalPhysicsPrize可以定位到第一段，但除此之外就没有其他细节提示信息了，所以我们只能根据几个选项去定位，分别根据选项中的entrepreneurs、NobelPrize、investment、reward去定位，在第一段末句找到了与A选项相一致的句子，则判定A选项正确。32.Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.[B]thefoundersofthenewaward. [C]theachievement-basedsystem.[D]peer-review-ledresearch.答案：B为细节题。根据题干中的critics定位到第三段，可知第二段没有出题，从第三段第二句可以得出本道题的正确选项，whohavemadetheircareersinresearch即为B选项中的Thefounders。33.Whatpromotedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprize.[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.答案：D为细节题。本道题如果从题干中看更像是例证题，但题目中说道thecaseinvolves即问例子本身，所以为一道细节题。我们在第四段倒数第三句中找到了Higgsboson，定位到本句可以得知natureofmodernresearch---aswellasdemonstratedby……即为本道题正确答案。34.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesoneonefeel[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.答案：A为判断题。此类题型是考试中的一个难点，在题干中提示信息非常少，所以我们需要根据每个选项分别定位。A选项的durance定位到本段最后一句time。B选项根据legitimacy定位到第一句。C选项没有提到。D选项从最后一段可以验证确实是收到了质疑，B选项和原文不符，可以得知答案为A。35.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism. [B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.[D]unworthyofpublicattention.答案：A为主旨题。本题属于作者观点，出在最后一段则说明更多体现了文章的主旨，因为还有一个段落对应，则我们可以在最后一段找答案，根据题干中的award我们可以得知全文的最后一句明确体现了作者的观点，故选A。Text4“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences,deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciencesaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences,withDukeUniversityPresidentRichardBrodheadandretiredExelonCEOJohnRoweasco-chairmen.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies. Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengesoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.Oneofthemorenovelideasinthereportisthecreationofa"CultureCorps"incitiesandtownacrossAmericato"transmithumanisticandsocialscientificexpertisefromonegenerationtothenext."Unfortunately,despite2?yearsinthemaking,"TheHeartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter:theilliberalnatureofliberaleducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencesasvehiclesfordisseminating"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarkets,self-relianceandadistrustofcentralplanning—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.Yetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatcongressaskedittoilluminate.36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?[A]Critical [B]Appreciative[C]Contemptuous[D]Tolerant本篇文章选自华尔街日报。主要讲的是非自由教育以及”问题核心”这个报告。答案解析：36.选A，该题是细节态度题。并非考察全文的态度，也就是说要细节定位。根据题干定位原则，定位第一段AAAS出现之处，并且一定要找到表示评价的部分。该题迷惑性很强，因为文章在AAAS后面就又”praise”所以容易误导大家选择答案B“appreciative(欣赏的)”，但是我们应该看到有however，我们知道如果第一段出现转折，那此转折一定跟主旨有关。同时各个题都与主旨相关，所以这道题应该于主旨相关，后文中的“maycausemoreharmthangood.”让我们知道它的还多余利，所以答案选择A，批判性的。37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto[A]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation[B]definethegovernment’sroleineducation[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation[D]safeguardindividualsrightstoeducation37，选C，细节题。根据自然段定位原则，36题在第一段出题，38题在第三段出题，那37题在第二段出题的可能性就很大。同时题干定位”InfluentialfiguresintheCongress”与“leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicans”同义替换。定位的答案是askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateand…..,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"askingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation.“Inhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation. “也就是说答案重点在maintainnationalexcellence刚好与选项C中的leadingposition进行同义替换。ABD与文章不符合。38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages38，选C，推理题。Suggest是推理题的标志。先化选项关键词，发现选项A是讲Americanhistory选项B；是讲theoreticalsubjects；选项C]emergingtechnologies；选项Dfundingforeignlanguages。返回原文定位的时候，A选项中的“exclusive排外”并没有在“stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;”这句话中体现。B选项中的理论学科没有定位点。D选项与原文“increasedfundingforteachers”以及“greaterstudyofforeignlanguages,”不符。属于张冠李戴。“encouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.”与选项C同义替换。39.TheauthorimpliesinParagraphSthatprofessorsare[A]supportiveoffreemarkets[B]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation[C]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy[D]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas39题选B，属于推理题。Implies是推理题的标志。同时根据提题干定位第五段，找professor.“professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas—suchasfreemarkets,self-reliance—asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.”A选项中的freemarkets前面的修饰词语是conservativeorliberal ideas没有体现A选项中的supportive。C选项中的conservative与文中progressivepublicpolicy不符合。D选项中biased没有体现，故排除。所以选B。40.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter”[B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter”[C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEducation[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducation40.题选择B。主旨大意题。先看其他题题干，我们锁定关键词是report，而report就是“theheartofthematter“故排除C和D.而我们看A发现文章并没有讲如何抓住“问题核心”的各个方法。排除A，选择BPartBDirections：Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizeintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable—forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,fellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.[B]Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsRenemillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymappingtheentirecityofTeotihuacaninthevalleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.atitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasone ofthelargesthumansettlementsintheword.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity’svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.[C]Howdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceoftheground?Typically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.[D]Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopán,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillageandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.TheresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopáncollapsed.[E]Tofindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques.Airbonetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging.Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchasancientbuildingsorfields.[F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamumexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforehelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEyancombedantiquedealers’storesinAthens,Greece.HewassearchingforthingengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evas’s interpretationsofthoseengravingseventuallyledthemtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossosontheislandofCrete,in1900.[G]Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery.Theyoftenincludeacertainamountsofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetector.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.41---A---42.---E---43---44---45解析：本文选自发表于2003年TheInternationalHistoryProject的文章，题目为Archeology.41.此题是首段，所以需要找寻综述性的段落。其中A和E选项是给出的，所以只需从余下选项进行选择。B选项中有another，所以不会是第一段。E选项中代词their没有指代对象。F中有however,也不会是第一段。因此，只留下C和D选项。在C选项最后一句提到survey和testsample也很重要。而在D选项开头就提到了survey,而且整段都是，由此可看出D是对C的分述。所以C是首段。42.此题排在A项之后，所以内容上应该是衔接的。A项主要谈论的是大部分考古地点是通过仔细搜寻之后找到的，而其他的很多是被偶然发现的，接着举了一些例子。接下来在看各段首句的时候，发现F项中提到大部分考古地点是被考古学家们特意寻找发现的，和A提到的偶然发现意思相反，所以F正确。43.此题排在E项之后。E选项最后一句提到天空的搜寻，而在G选项的开头提到地面搜寻，正好形成对应，所以为正确答案。 44.此时，只留下B和D选项。其中B选项开头提到了inanothercase,所以前面一段一定要提到inonecase,而D选项中有inonecase.所以，D选项在前。45.根据上面的分析，此题只能选B。PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenontheANSWERSHEET(10points)Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.Beethoven’simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.ThiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven’smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.48)Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolume withanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.Beethoven’smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatplagueourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.50)OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.46.Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为itisthereason，why引导定语从句，修饰thereason。定语从句的主干是allwecandoisarticulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself，其表语是不定式短语，由于主语中含有do，不定式符号to省略：articulateourreactionsandnotgraspmusicitself。ourreactions之后toit为其定语，it指代music。定语从句中还包含when引导的时间状语从句。【翻译要点】①本句主干的主句是主系表结构，reason后why引导的定语从句较长，翻译时可以与主干部分结合，调整表达为：这也就是为什么….。②定语从句中，when引导时间状语从句，其中withwords做状语，翻译时需调整语序到其修饰的to describe之前，可以表达为“当我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时”。定语从句的主干顺译即可，其中reaction根据语境，可以翻译为“感受”，其定语toit在表达时前置，it指代还原为“音乐”，则可以翻译为“所有我们能做的，就是明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”，或者调整表达为“我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受”。and之后，grasp依据语境，需要翻译为“理解”。【译文总结】这也是为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能明确表达我们对于音乐的感受，而不能完全理解音乐本身。47.Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.【句型分析】本句为并列句。第一个分句hewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone，句首byallaccounts为固定搭配，意思是“根据各方面说”。第二个分句的主干为Ifindcourageanessentialquality，其中宾语为courage，而anessentialquality是宾语补足语。quality后介词短语fortheunderstandingofhiswork为其定语，其中还包含一个插入结构letalonetheperformance。【翻译要点】①第一个分句结构比较简单，句首固定搭配byallaccounts，可以调整表达，翻译为“据大家所说”。主干顺译即可，其中he指代“贝多芬”，one指代person。这一部分可以翻译为“贝多芬是个思想自由、充满勇气的人”。②第二个分句，主干为“我发现勇气是一个关键品质”，quality后为其定语fortheunderstandingofhiswork，其中theunderstandingofhiswork意思为“对于其作品的理解”，做词性转化后，可以表达为“理解其作品”，这个介词短语需要调整语序前置于quality，可以翻译为“理解他作品的关键品质”，则第二个分句可以表达为“我发现勇气，是理解他作品的关键品质”。还可以调整表达为“我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键”。③在定语fortheunderstandingofhiswork中的插入成分，在逻辑上letalone并列theunderstanding和theperformance，二者共用定语ofhisworks，顺译句末即可：更不必说是演出其作品的关键品质。【译文总结】人们普遍认为，他（贝多芬）是个思想自由、充满勇气的人，我发现勇气这一品质，是理解他作品的关键，更不必说是演出其作品的关键。 48.Beethoven’shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.【句型分析】本句主干为Beethoven’shabitwasusedbycomposersbeforehim。本句的谓语为被动语态，主语habit后介词短语ofincreasingthevolumewithanextremeintensityandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage为其定语，是由介词of与and并列的两个动名词短语increasingthevolumewithanextremeintensity和thenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage构成。【翻译要点】①本句主干较为简单，但是主语habit后有很长的后置定语：Habitofincreasingthevolume…，其中“habit”可以词性转换为动词“习惯”，而中文常常先表达次要信息，则这一部分可以翻译一句话“贝多芬习惯增加…”，置于句首。第一个动名词短语中，withanextremeintensity为状语，表达时需调整语序到其修饰的increasingthevolume前，根据语境，volume意思为“音量”，则increasing可以翻译为“增高”。这一部分可以翻译为“最大限度来逐渐增高音量”。第二个动名词短语thenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassage，状语withasuddensoftpassage需调整到followingit前表达，其中passage根据语境，意思为“乐段”。则这一部分可以表达为“然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。整合本句主语与其定语，可以翻译为“贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段”。②本句主干意思为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用贝多芬的习惯”。中文语义重心在后，将本部分翻译在句末即可。由于前句译文已经提到这种习惯，则这部分可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种习惯”，结合语境还可以表达为“在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式”，或者“在他之前，只有极个别作曲家会使用这种方式”。【译文总结】贝多芬习惯最大限度来逐渐增高音量，然后突然跟上轻柔的乐段，在他之前，作曲家很少使用这种方式。49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression. 【句型分析】本句为完全倒装，主句的主干是hisviewoffreedomwasEspeciallysignificant。hisviewoffreedom后为which引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰freedom，关系代词which在定语从句中作主语。oftheindividual修饰therightsandresponsibilities，冒号后进行解释说明。【翻译要点】①本句主干为完全倒装，但是在翻译时，顺译即可，其中his指代“贝多芬的”，主干可以表达为：尤为重要的是，他（贝多芬）对于自由的看法….。②which引导英语从句，修饰freedom，表达时翻译成另一句话“对于他而言，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的”，其中forhim还可以调整表达为“他认为”。③冒号后进行解释，可以翻译为：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。【译文总结】尤为重要的是贝多芬对于自由的看法，他认为，这种自由是与个人的权利和责任联系起来的：他倡导思想自由和个人言论自由。50.OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.【句型分析】本句主句主干为OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethoven，之后bysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving为状语，修饰interpret。其中that引导宾语从句sufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving，为saying的宾语，宾语从句中it指代suffering。【翻译要点】①本句主语one，可以翻译为“人们”或者“我们”。主干可以翻译为“我们可以解释贝多芬的大部分作品”。②主干之后的状语，可以翻译为“通过说痛苦是无法避免的，但是与之相抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。”③整合主干，可以表达为“我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。” 【译文总结】我们可以这样解释贝多芬的大部分作品：苦难是不可避免的，但是与痛苦抗争的勇气使得生命值得继续。SectionIIIWritingPartA51.Directions:Writealetterofabout100wordstothepresidentofyouruniversity,suggestinghowtoimprovestudents’physicalcondition.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)2014英语一小作文真题解析今年小作文不出预料，再一次考到了建议信。在我们英语一的考试当中，建议信已经反复考过三次，分别是2007年，2009年和2012年。因此，考生要高度重视历年真题，因为考过的话题或是书信类型会反复考查。今年考题的Direction要求就学校课程给校长提建议。根据题目的要求，我们可以判断本文为公务信函，语域为正式语域，即不能出现缩写、省略问句和和口语表达。称呼：DearMr.President,注意称呼中，所有实词首字母全部大写，DearMr.President后面的逗号不可丢，也不能写成冒号。正文第一段：写作内容需涵盖两点：写信目的，表明建议；赞扬在前，建议在后。文章开头开门见山的表明了写信目的，用到了这样的表达Itismygreathonortowritetoyou.第二句赞扬在前，建议在后。文中用到了这样的表达AsfarasIamconcerned,wehaveenoughextraordinarylecturesandwhatweneednowisphysicalexercise. 第二段：写作内容为建议细节。首先，希望学校能够安排更多的体育课程；其次，希望学校能够制定固定的时间表来保证课外活动的时间。再次，希望全体教员也能参与其中。第三段：写作内容为寄予期待，表示感谢。注意语气真挚礼貌。落款：Yourssincerely,特别提醒sincerely后面逗号不能丢；签名：LiMing特别注意Ming后面一定不能出现句点。参考范文如下：DearMr.President,Itismygreathonortowritetoyou.AsfarasIamconcerned,wehaveenoughextraordinarylecturesandwhatweneednowisphysicalexercise.SincemostofthetimeisspentinwatchingTVandplayingcomputergames,ourphysicalconditionsarenotgoodenough.istillhavesomesuggestionsforyou.Tobeginwith,ouruniversityshouldarrangemorePEclasses.Tocontinue,weshouldhaveafixedscheduleforacertaintimeofoutdooractivity.Whatismore,teachingfacultyshouldbeinvolvedinthesamekindofphysicalexercise.Ihopethatouruniversitycouldtaketheresponsibilityforourstudents’physicalhealth.Iwillbehighlygratefulifyoucouldtakemysuggestionsintoaccount.Yourssincerely,LiMingPartB52.Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould1)describethedrawingbriefly,2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and 3)giveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)解析：2014年的大作文从总体上来看不难，因为它考查到了现在的一个社会热点。而且从十年的考研真题来讲，2005年的大作文考查到的是赡养老人的问题，当年的图画是可怜的老父亲缩成了一只皮球，四个儿女守着四个球门，老人被儿女们踢来踢去。当年全国考生平均分10.88分，难度系数0.544，区分度为0.64764。当年的描述图画部分比较难表达，而今年图画描述部分相比起来就容易得多。下面我们就从写作的标准三段式来讲讲这三段我们应该怎么写。第一段图画描述段的写作内容主要是表述图画，需包括两点：三十年前是个什么样子，现在是什么样子。三十年前“我”还是个孩子，母亲大手拉小手陪伴着我成长；现在，母亲上年纪了，我快乐地陪伴在母亲的身旁。其实第一段还有两个需要注意的地方，一是题目要求是一幅图，大家在写作时尽量按照一幅图画去处理；二是图画下面的汉字“相携”比较难翻译，不过大家可以意译为陪伴。这两个地方不是大问题，因为它相对于作文要考查考生书面表达的要求来说是微不足道的。第二段是图画涵义阐释段。本段可分两个方面来具体写。一方面具体写明要照顾老人，因为他们为我们付出了自己的青春；另一方面，我们要关爱儿童的成长，因为他们是我们的未来，祖国的希望。第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该把尊重和照顾年迈的父母视为一种道义责任。另外，父母也要关注孩子的成长。只有这样，我们的家庭才能和睦，社会才能更加和谐！参考例文：Asisvividlydescribedintheleftpartofthedrawing,thirtyyearsago,therestoodadelicatemother,holdingthetinyhandofalovelygirl,whoworearedscarf.Onthecontrary,therightpartofthepictureillustratesthatwithtimeflyingquickly,thelittlegirl,whohasalreadygrownupasagorgeouslady,issupportingheroldmother.Weareinformed:accompanying. Itiswithoutsayingthattheoldandtheyoungaretwoindispensablepartsinsociety.Ontheonehand,whatwehaveandenjoynowwascreatedbyourparentsintheearlydays,astheoldChinesesayinggoes,"Onegenerationplantstressunderwhoseshadeanothergenerationrests".Ontheotherhand,allofusaresupposedtotakegoodcareoftheyoungsters,too.Itischildrenwhomakeusseethefutureofourstate,fortheyarethefuturebuildersofourcountry.Theyoungshouldconsideritamoralobligationrespectingandtakingcareofoldparents.Meanwhile,itisalsothedutyoftheparentstoprotect,educateandlookaftertheyouths.Let'sbearthisinmindandcultivatethatvirtuetogether,becauseonlybydoingso,canwefeelasifwewerelivinginahappyandharmoniousfamily.个需要注意的地方，一是题目要求是一幅图，大家在写作时尽量按照一幅图画去处理；二是图画下面的汉字“相携”比较难翻译，不过大家可以意译为陪伴。这两个地方不是大问题，因为它相对于作文要考查考生书面表达的要求来说是微不足道的。第二段是图画涵义阐释段。本段可分两个方面来具体写。一方面具体写明要照顾老人，因为他们为我们付出了自己的青春；另一方面，我们要关爱儿童的成长，因为他们是我们的未来，祖国的希望。第三段评论段的写作内容为给出自己的评论和建议。可以指出年轻人应该把尊重和照顾年迈的父母视为一种道义责任。另外，父母也要关注孩子的成长。只有这样，我们的家庭才能和睦，社会才能更加和谐！参考例文：Asisvividlydescribedintheleftpartofthedrawing,thirtyyearsago,therestoodadelicatemother,holdingthetinyhandofalovelygirl,whoworearedscarf.Onthecontrary,therightpartofthepictureillustratesthatwithtimeflyingquickly,thelittlegirl,whohasalreadygrownupasagorgeouslady,issupportingheroldmother.Weareinformed:accompanying. Itiswithoutsayingthattheoldandtheyoungaretwoindispensablepartsinsociety.Ontheonehand,whatwehaveandenjoynowwascreatedbyourparentsintheearlydays,astheoldChinesesayinggoes,"Onegenerationplantstressunderwhoseshadeanothergenerationrests".Ontheotherhand,allofusaresupposedtotakegoodcareoftheyoungsters,too.Itischildrenwhomakeusseethefutureofourstate,fortheyarethefuturebuildersofourcountry.Theyoungshouldconsideritamoralobligationrespectingandtakingcareofoldparents.Meanwhile,itisalsothedutyoftheparentstoprotect,educateandlookaftertheyouths.Let'sbearthisinmindandcultivatethatvirtuetogether,becauseonlybydoingso,canwefeelasifwewerelivinginahappyandharmoniousfamily. attractionoffinancialrewards.