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1、LESSON24虚拟语气(2)导言英语中虚拟语气是通过动词时态的变化来体现。本课在讲解虚拟语气时,所用的方法与传统讲法不同。我们试图从句子时态的改变来推论出虚拟的构成。只要同学理解了这一点,就可以举一反三。掌握虚拟语气。虚拟语气是用来表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的情况。主要是通过动词的变化来体现的。▲在某些主语从句和条件状语从句中虚拟的用法在Itisimportant,impossible,strange,vital至关重要的,natural,essential必需的;基本的,desirable值得要的,preferable更好的,advisable可取的,appropriate适当的,su
2、rprising,sad,urgent,suggested,necessary,requested,ordered,+that…句型中,主语从句在英国英语中用should+原形动词。在美国英语中省略should直接用原形。在forfearthat(以防……起见)引导的条件句中用法同上。在unless,when,so(as)longas,suppose,incase,onconditionlest(以免)引导的条件状语从句中也可用虚拟语气,用法同上。20●Itisnecessarythathe(should)comeontimetoattendthemeeting.他按时来出席会议是必要的。●
3、Itisnaturalthathe(should)loveMerry.他爱玛丽是很自然的事。●Hetookanumbrellaforfearthatit(should)rain.他带了一把伞,以防天下雨。●Aslongasmywife(should)getready,wewillgo.只要我太太准备好了,我们就去。▲在suggest,propose,demand,inquire,request,desire想望,期望,insist,order,advise,agree等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后的宾语从句中。英国英语用should+原形动词,美国英语省略“should”用原形动词●Hein
4、sistedthatwe(should)getthereontime.他坚持我们要按时到那。●Thedeanproposedthatthequestion(should)notbediscussedatonce.系主任提议这个问题不要马上讨论。▲在think,expect,believe,是否定形式时,宾语从句可用虚拟语气:should+动词原形,should不可省。●ShesaidsheneverexpectedIshouldlendmoneytoher.▲suggestion,proposal,request,advice,order,command20等表示建议、命令、要求等的名词后面
5、的表语从句中,用should+动词原形,表示虚拟,should常常省略。Thegeneral’scommandwasthatthesoldiers(should)leavetheirfortandcarryoutmoreimportanttasks.▲were(was)to有时在虚拟条件句中用were(was)表示试探的口气。●Ifyouwere(was)todosomethinglikethatIwouldnotmarryyou.如果你要做那种事,我就不会嫁给你了。▲wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone上面两种用法也经常表示虚拟,意思是本应该做而没有做的事情。would
6、表示从客观上讲,而should表示从主观上讲。●Youwouldhavetakentaxitocomehere.你本应该坐出租汽车来这儿。●IfIhadknownshewasrich,Ishouldhavemarriedher.如果我知道她是个富翁,我本该娶她。▲We____lastnight,butwewenttotheconcertinstead.A.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.shouldhavestudiedD.wouldstudyshould(would)havedone表示过去本该做,而没有做的事情。一、阅读理解。(1)IfIwere21andwan
7、tedtostudymedicine医学,Idon’tthinkIwouldpackoff打好旅行toschool.①Iwouldgeta20jobasanorderly(卫生员,护工)inahospital,carryingoutbedpans便盆,ifnecessary,andlookandlisten.Afterayearortwoofthat,ImightknowwhatkindofmedicineI