不定式和动名词和分词

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1、不定式不定式todo/doHeaskedmetowriteit不定式的否定nottodo/notdoHeaskedmenottowriteitWH疑问词how/what/whentodo疑问词+toV=名词短语，较长的名词。1、Howtoreducethecostsisabigproblem?2、Theproblemiswheretosetupthetent.=Theproblemiswhereweshouldsetupthetent.3、Idon’tknowwhethertolaughor(whetherto)getangry.一、不定式的时态和语态不定式的被动式==tobeP.P.

2、1.Iliketoteach.Iliketobetaught.2.Thereisalottodoyet.Thereisalottobedoneyet.不定式的进行式==tobeVingTheyseemtobewaitingforus.不定式的完成式==tohaveP.P1.Thechildseemstohavebeensick.=>Itseemsthatthechildwas(hasbeen)sick.在can’t,couldn’t之后表否定推测；在must之后表肯定推测1.Theycouldn’thavebeenonstrike.2.Hermommusthavebeenserious

3、lyill(then).在should，oughtto之后，表示未能实现的事，有责备的意思在里面。1.Youshouldhaveseenit.=>Youdidn’tseeit.2.Yououghttohavekeptyourwords.=>Youdidn’tkeepyourwords.你应该要遵守诺言的。intend,wish,wouldlike(都是表“想要”)等动词后=>未实现1.Iintendedtohavewrittentoyou.2.Iexpectedhimtohavehelpedmewiththework.二、不定式的用法(一)作主语句型：It’s+形容词(表非人格特质)+

4、for人+toV~It’s+形容词(表人格特质)+of人+toV~1).It’sdangerousforchildrentoplayonthestreet.=(Forchildren)toplayonthestreetisdangerous.2).It’sstupidofmetodosuchathing.=Iwasstupidtodosuchathing.（二）作主语补语1).Theexpensivepicturehasbeenprovedtobeafake2).Astudentisallegedtohaveintroducedavirusintothecomputer(三)作表语(b

5、e+todo)1)、Adoctor’sdutyistotakecareofsickpeople.92)、Hisfaultistotalktoomuch.（四）作宾语1、V+todo1)、Wedecidedtoputoffthemeeting.2)、Mysondemandstoseeadentist.2、V+it+C+todo1).Shefounditimpossibletounderstandhim.=Shefound[thatitisimpossibletounderstandhim].2).Ithinkittoocarelessofyoutolosethewatch.3).Hema

6、kesitaruletokeepgoodhours.3、V+WH疑问词+todoHeaskedhowtogettotherailwaystation?（五）作宾语补语(V+O+todo)表希望；期待---like，want，wish，expect等Ididn’texpecthertobeabsent(缺席).表许可--allow，permitPleaseallowmetointroducemywife,Rosaline.表思考，认识--think，believe，consider，find，recognize等Webelievehimtobehonest.=Webelieve(that

7、)heishonest.表依赖；建议；要求；命令(必须用不定词的词)tell，advise，order，ask，request，get,cause，beg等。Thedoctoradvisedhimtostopsmoking.（六）作定语(N+todo)1).Amywastheonlypersontoremembermybirthday.2).Weneedanidealenvironmentinwhichtoliveandwork(代)名词+to