基础医学英语2new

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1、肿瘤091Unit1I.英译汉1.Theframeworkofbonesandcartilagethatprotectsourorgansandallowsustomoveiscalledtheskeletalsystem.能保护我们的器官并使我们能够活动的、由骨和软骨构成的支架称为骨骼系统。2.Bonesundergoingeitherintramembranousorendochondralossificationarecontinuallyremodeledfromthetimethatinitialcalcif

2、icationoccursuntilthefinalstructureappears.骨通过膜内骨化或软骨内骨化而不断地得以重塑，从最初的钙化发生开始，直至最后结构的形成。3.Thebloodcontinuallytradesoffcalciumwiththebonesremovingcalciumwhenitandothertissuesarenotreceivingenoughofthiselementandresupplyingtheboneswithdietarycalciumtokeepthemfromlos

3、ingtoomuchbonemass.血液不停地与骨组织交换钙，在血液与其他组织钙不足时移走骨钙，同时从饮食中补充骨钙以避免丧失过多的骨组织。4.Thesecondprincipaleffectofagingontheskeletalsystemisadecreaseintherateofproteinformationthatresultsinadecreasedabilitytoproducetheorganicportionofbonematrix.衰老对骨骼系统的第二个主要影响，是蛋白质合成速度降低致使产生骨基

4、质的有机成分的能力下降。II.汉译英骨骼系统skeletalsystem肌内附着点attachmentofmuscles内生殖器internalreproductive红骨髓redmarrows骨折fracture不规则骨irregularbones软骨内骨化endochondralossification骨髓腔marrowcavity松骨质spongybone密骨质compactbone破骨细胞osteoclast成骨细胞osteoblast蛋白溶解酶protein-digestingenzyme镁缺乏magnesi

5、umdeficiency胃肠道gastrointestinaltract生长激素growthhormone骺软骨epiphysealcartilage青春期早熟prematurepuberty骨钙丧失lossofcalciumfrombones骨基质有机成分theorganicportionofbonematrixUnit21.Thebrainisprotectedinthecranialcavityoftheskullandalsocoveredbyprotectivemembranescalledmeninges.

6、脑位于颅腔内受到保护，外层覆盖着称为脑膜的保护膜。2.Thelowestpartofthebrainstemisthemedullaoblongata.Immediatelyabovethemedullaliestheponsandabovethatthemidbrain.Togetherthesethreestructuresarecalledthebrainstem.脑干最下部分为延髓。髓质正上方为脑桥，脑桥上方为中脑。3个结构统称为脑干。3.Mostofourknowledgeaboutcerebellarfun

7、ctionshascomefromobservingpatientswhohavesomesortofdiseaseofthecerebellumandfromanimalswhohavehadthecerebellumremoved.我们对小脑机能的认识来自于对患有某种小脑疾病的病人和摘除小脑后的动物的观察。4.Ifyouweretolookattheoutersurfaceofthecerebrum,thefirstfeaturesyouwouldnoticemightbeitsmanygroovesarecall

8、edfissures.假如你直接观察大脑外表面，你可能注意到的主要特征是许多脊和沟。5.Thesetermsthen,sumupcerebralfunctions:consciousness,thinking,memory,第6页肿瘤091emotions,andwilledmovements.大脑的机能可以概括为意识、思维、记忆