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1、动词ing形式1)–ing分词（短语）作主语：Smokingisharmfultoourhealth.Itisnousespendingallthetimeplayingcomputergames.(为了保持句子平衡，用it作形式主语)2)-ing分词（短语）作表语：WhatIwanttodoistakingabath.Whathesaidisveryexciting.3)-ing分词作宾语：IsuggestfinishingwhatMissLitoldustodofirst.WeenjoyattendingMissLi'sclass.4)-ing分词作定语：①单个的分词作
2、定语一般放在被修饰词的前面Thereisaswimmingpoolinourschool.Iamcontentwithworkinginthereadingroom.②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，也相当于一个定语从句。如：Thegirllookingoutofthewindowhasagiftforsinging.Thegirlsleepingthereistoobadlyofftohaveaholiday.5)-ing分词做状语：①-ing分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时可由连词when,while引出。如：Whenheheardthene
3、ws,hecriedratherthanlaughed.=Hearingthenews,hecriedratherthanlaughed.-Whenhearingthenews,hecriedratherthanlaughed.②-ing分词短语作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：Beingtoobadlyoff,Ican’taffordtohaveaholiday.=Because/As/SinceIamtoobadlyoff,Ican’taffordtohaveaholiday.③–ing分词短语作结果状语。一个主语发出两个动作可改成并列谓语如：Hisfatherd
4、ied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=Hisfatherdiedandlefthimalotofmoney.④-ing分词作伴随状语，一个主语发出两个动作可改成并列谓语如：Theteachercamein,smiling.=Theteachercameinandsmiled.⑤-ing分词间或也可作条件状语和让步状语，相当于一个状语从句。Studyinghard,youwillbeadmittedintokeyuniversities.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillbeadmittedintokeyuniversities.Havingbee
5、ntoldmanytimes,hestilldidn'tunderstandhowtodoit.=Althoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes,hestilldidn'tunderstandhowtodoit.⑥“with/without+名词普通格或代词宾格+-ing分词”结构在句中作状语，表示伴随情况或时间、原因等Hishairbecamegreywiththeyearspassing.随着时间的推移，他的头发变花白了。Withoutanyonenoticing,heslippedthroughthewindow.没人注意，他从窗户溜了出去。6)-ing
6、分词作补语：①--ing分词可以在see,hear,notice,watch,feel,lookat,listento,observe,have,get,leave,keep,set,catch,find等动词后面和一个名词或代词构成一个复合宾语，作宾语补语。如：InoticedamanrunningoutofthebankwhenIgotoffthecar.我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。Lastnighttheshopkeepercaughtachildstealingsomefoodintheshop.昨晚，店主在商店里抓到一个小孩在偷东西。Ihe
7、ardagirlsingingintheclassroom.4名词性从句在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。◆名词性从句的共同点：1）主句和从句之间不能用逗号隔开2）从句部分用陈述句语序3）◆引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：①that,whether,if不充当从句的任何成分②what,whatever(anythingthat),who,whom,whoever(anyonewh
