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1、摘要聚氯乙烯是世界上最早实现工业化生产的塑料品种之一。由于其具有难燃、抗化学腐蚀、耐磨、电绝缘性优良和机械强度较高等优点,广泛应用于农业、石油化工、轻工、纺织、化学建材、电力、冶金、国防军工、建材、食品加工等国民经济各命脉部门,在国民经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位。本次设计对年产6万吨PVC精馏工段进行工艺设计。采用电石乙炔法制取氯乙烯。此法是以电石为原料,电石水解生产乙炔,氯碱生产中产生的氯气和氢气直接合成法合成氯化氢,由乙炔和氯化氢经净化后在转化器中合成粗氯乙烯单体,粗氯乙烯单体经精馏后得到精氯乙烯单体,精氯乙烯单体经悬浮
2、聚合得到PVC。确定了生产方法之后对氯乙烯合成工段、精馏工段进行了物料衡算、热量衡算和设备选型计算。本文设计的电石乙炔法生产粗氯乙烯在工艺上可满足要求。关键词:PVC合成;粗氯乙烯精馏;物料衡算;热量衡算;设备选型AbstractPVCistheworld'sfirstindustrialproductionoftheplasticvarieties.Becauseithasdifficulttoburn,theanti-chemicaletching,wear-resisting,theelectricinsulation
3、fineandthemechanicalstrengthhighermerit,Widelyappliesinnationaleconomyvariouslivesdepartmentsandsoonagriculture,petroleumchemicalindustry,lightindustry,spinningandweaving,chemistrybuildingmaterials,electricpower,metallurgy,nationaldefensewarindustry,buildingmateria
4、ls,foodprocessing,Hasthepivotalstatusinthenationaleconomydevelopment.Thedesignofanannualoutputof60,000tonsofPVCsectionfordistillationprocessdesign.Preparationoftheuseofcalciumcarbideacetyleneperchlorethylene.Thismethodisbasedoncalciumcarbideasrawmaterials,theproduc
5、tionofcalciumcarbidehydrolysisacetylene,chlor-alkaliproductionofchlorineandhydrogenproducedbythedirectsynthesisofhydrogenchloridesynthesisfromacetyleneandhydrogenchloridebywaterinthecoarseconverterinthesynthesisofvinylchloridemonomer,vinylchloridesingle25roughAfter
6、thebodyhasbeenrefinedbythedistillationofvinylchloridemonomerandrefinedbythesuspensionpolymerizationofvinylchloridemonomertobePVC.Methodstodeterminetheproductionsectionofthesynthesisofvinylchloride,distillationsectiontothematerialbalance,heatbalancecalculationandsel
7、ectionofequipment.Thisarticledesignsthecalciumcarbideacetylenelawproducesthethickvinylchloridetobepossibletosatisfytherequestinthecraft.Keyword:PVCsynthesis;vinylchlorideselectiveevaporation;Materialbalance目录引言1第一章绪论31.1聚氯乙烯工业的发展概况31.1.1聚氯乙烯工业31.1.2国外聚氯乙烯工业的发展31.1.
8、3中国的聚氯乙烯工业51.2聚氯乙烯工业在国民经济中的重要意义51.3聚氯乙烯的分类61.4聚氯乙烯的性质61.4.1物理性质61.4.2化学性质61.5厂址的选择7第二章聚氯乙烯的生产过程92.1氯乙烯的生产方法9252.1.1电石乙炔法92.1.2联合法102.1.3乙烯法102.1.
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