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1、OPERATIONMURAMBATSVINA/RESTOREORDER“KnowingYourRightsisProtectingYourRights”FACTSZimbabweanscountrywidehave,since19May2005,beensubjectedtotheeffectsofawide-rangingsetofactionsundertakenbyacomprehensivesetofstateactors,includingvariousMinistries,localauthorities,theZimbabweR
2、epublicPolice(ZRP),themilitarypoliceandthearmy,andnamedOperationMurambatsvinaandOperationRestoreOrder(“theOperations”).ACTIONInitsimplementationtheOperationshaveseen:·aclampingdownontheactivitiesofinformaltraders(withconfiscationand/ordestructionoftheirgoodsandstallsandarre
3、stofindividuals),althoughagreatnumberoftheseinformaltraderswerecarryingoutactivitiesauthorisedbylocalauthorities,forwhichactivitiestheypaidmonthlyrentalstothelocalauthorities;·similaractionagainststreetvendors,manyofwhomholdlicencesandpermitsfromthelocalauthorities;·thedemo
4、litionofbuildingssaidtobe“illegalstructures”inhighdensityandotherresidentialareas,butwhich,infact,werebuildingsthathadbeenplannedandapprovedbylocalauthorities.Manyofthesebuildingswerepeople’shomes,andsothedemolitionsresultedintheaffectedpeoplebeingrenderedhomelessandexposed
5、totheelements.SomeofthehomelesshadnoruralhomesorrelativestoassistthemincludingZimbabweansofMozambicanandMalawiandescent,andsowereforcedtorelocatetotransitcampssuchasCaledoniaFarminHarareandtheSportsOvalinMutareEFFECTSTheUnitedNationsSpecialEnvoyonHumanSettlementsIssuesinZim
6、babwewhowassenttoinvestigateandreportontheOperationsestimatedthatatleast700000peopleinurbanareaslosttheirhomesorlivelihoodsorboth,whileatleast2.4millionpeoplewereindirectlyaffectedinvaryingdegrees.Theaffectedincludechildren(300000childrenaresaidtohavebeenforcedoutofschool),
7、theelderly,andthesick(someofwhomwerebenefitingfromhome-basedcareandwereonessentiallife-savingmedication).TherewerealsoreportsofseveraldeathsarisingasadirectresultoftheOperations.Generallymanypeoplelosttheirhomes,theirjobsandlivelihoods,childrenstoppedgoingtoschool,andsomepe
8、opledied.Themassiveinternaldisplacementofpeoplehasalsonotyetbeenfullyappreciated.Y
