modal verbs and their uses：情态动词和它们的用途

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1、4MODALVERBSandtheiruses.March2003.AlanDawberReferences:1)Side&Wellman1999“Grammar&VocabularyforCambridgeAdvanced&Profiency”UNIT4pages64–67LONGMAN(PearsonEducation)2)GreenbaumS.1996“TheOxfordEnglishGrammar”pp.260–266OUP3)GreenbaumS.&QuirkR.1990.“AStudent’sGrammaroftheEng

2、lishLanguage”pp.60–67LONGMAN4)Biber,Conrad&Leech2002“LongmanStudentGrammarofSpoken&WrittenEnglish”pp.174-182LONGMAN(PearsonEducation).........................................................................................................................................

3、.....Themodalsmustappearfirstinthesequenceofverbsinaverbphrase.Theyarealwaysfinite,yethavenoinflectedendingsandnopasttense.Theymustbefollowedbythebareinfinitive,(infin.without‘to’),exceptfor‘ought’,whichisfollowedbytheinfinitivewith‘to’.Semantically,theyimpartmanydiffer

4、entmeaningsor‘moods’totheclauseorsentence.A.CAN/COULD/COULDN’T1)ABILITY(&pastability)Icanjustaboutcarryit.Canyourememberwheretheylive?Magdacouldspeak3languagesbytheageofsix.2)PERMISSION(lessformalYoucanborrowthosebooksfromthelibrary.than‘may’)Inthosedays,onlymencouldvot

5、einelections.Youcanstayoutonlyuntileleveno’clock.2a)SEEKINGPERMISSIONCouldIpleaseseewhatyou’vewritten?CanIleaveabitearly?Couldwehavesomemoneyforthecinema?Canwepleaseseeourlasttests?3)POSSIBILITY/GENERALEvenexpertdriverscanmakemistakes.PROBABILITYHerperformancewasthebest

6、thatcouldbehopedfor.Thatanswercouldn’tberight,couldit?Everyonecansucceedwithabitofeffort.4)REQUESTS&OFFERSCanyouhelpmeout?CanIofferanyassistance?Couldyougoandbuymeanewspaperplease?CanIpouryouanothercupofcoffee?4B.MAY/MIGHT1)POSSIBILITYYoumayberight.Wemayneversucceed.The

7、remightbesomecomplaints.Shemightbeinterestedinit.Itmightrainalldaytomorrow.2)PERMISSIONMayIjustconfirmafewadministrativedetails?(moreformal&lesscommonYoumayborrowmybicycleifyouwish.than‘can’)MightIaskwhetheryouareusingthecomputer?3)SUGGESTIONS&REQUESTSYoumighttryphoning

8、againlater.MightItrytodoitaswell?Youmightaswellgiveitupasabadjob.4)SARCASTICSUGGESTIONYoumightknockbeforeenter