learning guide for fluid and electrolytes：流体和电解质的学习指导

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1、LearningGuideforFluidandElectrolytes1.Whatarethefluidcompartmentsinthebody?2.Whydoestheintracellularcompartmenthavemorefluid?3.Whatisthedifferenceamongfirst,secondandthirdspacing?4.Whatarethemajorintracellularandextracellularcations?5.Whydoesintakeusuall

2、yequaloutput?6.Whatisthedifferencebetweenosmosisanddiffusion?7.Howdoeshydrostaticpressureandosmoticpressurecontroledema?8.Howdoestheheartandthesizeofthevascularbedcontrolhydrostaticpressure?9.Whatdothelungscontrol?10.Whatdothekidneyscontrol?11.WhatdoesAD

3、Hdo?12.Whatdoesparathyroidhormonedo?13.Howdoesaldosteronecontrolsodium?14.Howdoesfluidvolumedeficitdifferfromdehydration?1.Completethefollowingtable:CausesManifestationsTreatmentFluidVolumeDeficitFluidVolumeExcess16.Howcanaclientwithasciteshaveafluidvolu

4、medeficit?17.Whyarethehemoglobin,hematocrit,andBUNaffectedwithvolumeexcessanddeficit?18.CompletethefollowingtableElectrolyteNerveTransmissionSodiumDeficitSodiumExcessPotassiumDeficitPotassiumExcessCalciumDeficitCalciumExcess19.Completethefollowingtable:E

5、lectrolytesNormalValuesSodiumPotassiumCalcium4.5to5.5mEqUrineSpecificGravityHemoglobinHematocritPlasmaOsmolarity20.Whatarethefunctionsofsodiuminthebody?21.Completethefollowingtable.CausesManifestationsTreatmentSodiumDeficitSIADHSodiumExcess22.Whydotapwat

6、erenemasandwaterintakewithGIsuctioningcausehyponatremia?23.WhathappenstocauseSIADH?24.InSIADHwhydoestheurineosmolarityexceedtheplasmaosmolarity?25.Whatarethefunctionsofpotassium?26.Completethefollowingtable.CausesManifestationsTreatmentPotassiumDeficitPo

7、tassiumExcess27.Whateffectdoesapotassiumdeficithaveonaclienttakingdigitalisproducts?28.WhatisthemaximumamountofpotassiumchloridethatcanbeadministeredIVandinwhatdilution?(Lookinyourdrugbookaswellasthetext).29.IsKClevergivenIVpush?Doyouhavetouseapump?30.Wh

8、yisthereadifferencebetweenmoderateandseveremanifestationsinpotassiumexcess?31.Whatarethefunctionsofcalcium?32.Completethefollowingtable.CausesManifestationsTreatmentCalciumDeficitCalciumExcess33.Identifythemajornursingdiag